海南岛农田面源污染在生物气候区分布上的特征研究  

Characteristics of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Bio-climatic Division in Hainan Island,China

作　　者：周石池[1,2] 宋玉梅[1] 王瑞[1] 唐文浩[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物种质资源保护与开发利用教育部重点实验室,海口570228 [2]海南大学环境与植物保护学院,海口570228

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2011年第8期1660-1668,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：海南省国土环境资源厅"海南省农业污染调查及防治对策研究"项目

摘　　要：农业面源污染已成为中国首要环境问题,其污染范围广,污染后果严重。理清农业面源污染的地域分布规律,对合理制定农业面源污染防控措施具有特别重要的意义。以海南主岛为研究区域,采用农田径流场结合人工模拟降雨的方法,研究在生物气候分区上农田面源污染物输出系数及特征。结果表明:海南岛不同生物气候区差异对于土壤径流系数大小的影响程度,表现为半湿润区>湿润区>潮湿区>半干旱区;半湿润区、潮湿区和湿润区存在潜在的水土流失问题;氮素与磷素分别主要以随径流和泥沙的方式迁移;暴雨强度显著增加了污染物的流失速率。Agricultural non-point pollution widely spreads and has led to a serious environment problem in the lager area of China.Better understanding of the geographical distribution of agricultural non-point pollution is vital to establish reasonable control measures for alleviating the issue.This paper studied the output coefficient and characteristics of agricultural non-point pollution in different bio-climatic division using method of simulative rainfall combined with farmland runoff plots in Hainan Island.The results suggested that;（1）soil runoff coefficient varied with bio-climatic division and was observed in semi-moist region then followed by moist region,damp region and semi-arid region sequentially;（2）potential soil erosion existed in semi-moist region,damp region and moist region;（3）soil nitrogen in field was mainly lost through surface runoff,while it was through sediment loss for phosphorus;（4）rainstorm（2.55 mm·min-1） could significantly increase erosion rate of pollutants.

关 键 词：模拟降雨 生物气候分区 产流产沙 养分流失 特征 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]