不同种类有机肥施用对一季稻田CH_4排放的影响  

The Effect of Different Organic Manures Treatments on Methane Emission from Single-cropping Paddy Fields

作　　者：吴家梅[1,2] 纪雄辉[2] 彭华[1] 霍莲杰[2] 刘勇 朱坚[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [2]中南大学研究生院隆平分院,长沙410125 [3]湖南省植物保护研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2011年第8期1688-1694,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAD95B02;2007BAD89B11);湖南省农科院创新项目(2010HNNKYCX33)

摘　　要：选取不同施肥处理的一季中稻田为研究对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法对一季稻CH4排放通量进行手动观测。结果表明,与不施肥相比,各施肥处理CH4平均排放通量均有不同程度增加。其中稻草还田+化肥处理(稻草处理)CH4平均排放通量为31.04mg·m-2·h-1,比化肥处理和猪粪+化肥处理(猪粪处理)分别增加326.4%(P<0.05)和211.7%(P<0.05),鸡粪+化肥处理(鸡粪处理)比化肥和猪粪处理分别增加140.4%(P<0.05)和75.7%(P<0.05)。说明稻草还田和鸡粪处理显著增加稻田CH4排放通量,而猪粪处理与化肥无显著差异。同时对有关的环境因子进行分析表明,不同处理的土壤表层5cm温度、Eh与CH4排放通量存在显著相关关系;土壤pH值和水层厚度与稻田CH4季节排放通量相关性不明显。猪粪处理单位产量全球增温潜势(GWP)为0.83kg·kg-1,是较好的推荐施肥处理,对环境与产量之间效益的协调具有较好的作用。Methane emission fluxes from single-cropping paddy fields with application different fertilization treatments were studied by using the static chamber-gas chromatograph techniques with manual method.Results showed that the treatments with application fertilizer increased methane emission compared with no fertilizer treatments（NF）.Seasonal average methane emission flux of the incorporation of rice straw and mineral fertilizer（RS） was 31.04 mg·m-2·h-1 which increased by 326.4%（P0.05） and 211.7% compared with that of the mineral fertilizer（MF） and incorporation of pig manure and mineral fertilizer（PM）,respectively.Seasonal average methane emission flux from the incorporation of chicken manure and the mineral fertilizer（CM） increased by 140.4%（P0.05） and 75.7%（P0.05） as compared with MF and PM,respectively.The results indicated there was the obvious influence for RS and CM to methane emission.However,there was no significant difference between NF and PM.According to the analysis of related environmental factors,there was significant correlation between methane emission fluxes and the soil temperature at 5 cm depth,and the same as the soil Eh.No significant correlation was found between CH4 flux and water depth.The unit yield of Global warming Potential（GWP） in PM treatment was 0.83 kg·kg-1 which suggested PM was a better recommend fertilization during the rice growth.The application of PM took the slight advantages not only in reducing the GWP but also in improving the grain yield.

关 键 词：CH4排放通量 有机肥 稻田 CH4累计排放量 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]