有机肥与化肥长期配施对作物产量和灌漠土养分库的影响  

Effects of Long-term Mixed Use of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizers on Crop Yield and Indigenous Soil Nutrients

作　　者：孙宁科 索东让 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省张掖市农业科学研究院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2011年第4期42-46,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：甘肃省科学事业费项目"施肥对农业生态环境影响的长期定位研究"(QS031-C31-13)

摘　　要：根据河西走廊灌漠土上连续27 a的长期定位试验数据,研究了河西绿洲区灌漠土有机肥和化肥长期配施对作物产量和土壤养分库的影响。结果表明,有机肥与化肥长期配施增加了作物产量和产量的稳定性;7种施肥方式（单施氮、NP配施、NPK配施、单施有机肥、有机肥＋N、有机肥＋NP、有机肥＋NPK）中,以有机肥与NP或NPK肥配施效果为最佳。长期有机肥和化肥配施增加了N,P,K养分投入量、养分携出量和盈余量;有机肥与化肥配施21-25 a后,土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量分别提高了10.0%-16.0%,58.1%-69.0%和13.4%-31.1%,速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别提高了45.7%-79.0%,172.2%-287.8%和21.4%-38.8%,均显著高于对照和单施化肥处理;有机肥与化肥配施处理中,以有机肥与NPK肥配施改善土壤肥力的效果最理想。Long-term fertilization experiment on indigenous soil of Hexi Oasis,Gansu Province indicated that 27 years＇ mixed use of organic manure and chemical fertilizers increased crop yield and its stability,especially for organic manure and NP or NPK fertilizers.Long-term use of organic manure and chemical fertilizers increased N,P and K investment to soil and nutrient output from soil as well as nutrient surplus.Soil organic matter,total N,total P,available N,available P and available K content increased by 10.0%-16.0%,58.1%-69.0%,13.4%-31.1%,45.7%-79.0%,172.2%-287.8%,21.4%-38.8%,respectively after 21-25 years＇ use of organic manure and chemical fertilizers,and were significantly higher than those of single use of chemical fertilizers and the contrast.The treatment of organic manure and NPK fertilizers was the best one in improving soil fertility.

关 键 词：有机肥 化肥 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]