碎石填方坡面乔灌草植物群落构建方法的实验研究  

Tree—Shrub—Herb Community Construction Methods of Rockfill Slope

作　　者：齐藤诚[1] 顾卫[1] 余海龙[2] 邵琪[1] 陈述悦[1] 刘杨 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]宁夏大学资源环境学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]河北科信岩土坡面生态工程有限公司,河北保定072550

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2011年第4期140-145,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"我国北方地区岩质工程创面生态恢复机理与方法的实验研究"(30870467);北京市自然科学基金项目(8073029);交通部西部交通建设科技项目(200631800087)

摘　　要：碎石填方边坡是山区公路常见的一种坡面类型。表层为以碎石为主的土石混合体,土壤含量极少甚至没有,立地条件恶劣,导致坡面植被恢复非常困难。针对这一难题,以北京市门头沟区百花山旅游公路11 km处的45°碎石填方边坡为研究对象,采用"客土+保育块苗移栽"技术,在坡面上重建了乔灌草植物群落。施工4 a后,坡面草本植物群落的总覆盖度约为50%,平均高度约为40 cm;坡面木本植物生长状况良好,主根粗壮、根系发达且已深入碎石缝隙之中,其中山桃保育块苗的成活率为78%,高度为82 cm,地径为7.9 mm。实验结果表明,该方法可以在比较陡峭的碎石覆盖边坡上有效地构建乔灌草植物群落。Rockfill slope is a common slope type on mountain roads with surface layer consisting of different sizes of broken rocks but little soil,this poor site condition brings great difficulty to the vegetation restoration.To solve this problem,the tree—shrub—herb community was constructed using the nursery block and soil spray-sowing technique.Taking the 45°rockfill slope at the 11 km of Baihuashan tourism road in Mentougou,Beijing City as an example,the coverage of herbaceous plants was around 50%,and the average height was 40 cm four years later after the technique was use.Meanwhile,the woody plants grew well with sturdy taproots and strong lateral roots penetrating into rock cracks,and the survival rate of Prunus davidiana was 78% with the height of 82 cm and the ground diameter of 7.9 mm.The results showed that the tree—shrub—herb community could be successfully constructed on relatively steep rockfill slopes by using this technique.

关 键 词：山区公路 碎石填方坡面 保育块技术 乔灌草 根系 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学]