太湖源地区雷竹林氮磷径流输出与拦截控制  

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff Losses and Their Control in Phyllostachys Praecox Stands in Source Region of Taihu Lake

作　　者：戎静[1] 庄舜尧[2] 杨浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210046 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2011年第4期168-171,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"典型小流域污染物削减技术集成与示范"(2008ZX07101-006-06)

摘　　要：农业面源污染是导致水体富营养化的重要原因之一,雷竹生产是临安市的支柱产业之一,而雷竹覆盖技术下的高施肥量容易导致水体污染负荷过高,因此,控制雷竹林氮磷流失极为重要。通过田间原位设置4种不同的生态拦截方法,观测春夏季雷竹林土壤氮磷径流输出,探讨了不同拦截方式对径流中不同形态氮磷的拦截效果。结果表明,4种不同拦截小区中,颗粒物运载的氮是径流损失的主要氮形态,施肥量和雨强是影响氮磷流失量的主要因素。以原生雷竹林作为拦截带的小区氮磷径流损失量最高,分别达到1 006.2和387.6 g/hm2;通过比较,黑麦草对氮磷径流损失通量拦截效果要优于其它拦截带,其氮磷损失通量分别为777.1和228.9 g/hm2;黑麦草+竹炭拦截小区的氮磷流失量分别为827.7和242.1 g/hm2;竹林+竹炭拦截的径流损失量分别为1 098.6和366.5 g/hm2,竹炭对竹林的氮磷拦截效果不佳。雷竹林地氮磷径流损失风险不大,其中氮的流失量要远高于磷。4种不同拦截小区中,生态拦截草带对控制雷竹林地土壤氮磷的径流迁移效果最佳。Agricultural non-point source loss is one of the major factors resulting in surface water eutrophication.The production of Phyllostachys praecox shoot is a pillar industry of Lin＇an City.However,the high rate of mulching and fertilizer application is undoubted to bring nitrogen and phosphorus into water body.Therefore,the control of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff export is an important task in Phyllostachys praecox production.4 different buffer strips were setup in situ to monitor N and P runoff losses and investigate their control effects on N and P runoff from Phyllostachys praecox stands.The results showed that particulate N and P were the predominant forms in runoff,accounting for more than 50% of the total losses.Fertilization and rainfall intensity were the main factors influencing the runoff export.The highest runoff export of N and P in Phyllostachys praecox was 1 006.2 and 387.6 g/hm^2 among the 4 treatments.In comparison with other treatments,the ryegrass strip reduced the runoff export greatly,that is 777.1 and 228.9 g/hm^2 of N and P.The runoff export of N and P was 632.80 and 230.74 kg/hm^2 in the treatment of ＂Phyllostachys praecox forest ＋ Bamboo Charcoal＂;while in the treatment of ＂ryegrass＋Bamboo Charcoal＂,the runoff export of N and P loss was 1 098.6 and 366.5 g/hm^2.Compared with phosphorus,the nitrogen runoff loss was much more serious.The present results indicated that grass buffer strip could effectively control the N and P losses with runoff from Phyllostachys praecox stands.

关 键 词：雷竹林 径流流失 养分拦截 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学] X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]