塔克拉玛干沙漠一次强沙尘暴的辐射特性及气象要素分析  

Analysis on Characteristics of Radiation and Meteorological Elements during a Strong Sandstorm Passing Taklimakan Desert

作　　者：李帅[1] 胡列群[1] 何清[2] 胥志德 吴新萍 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]中国民用航空新疆管理局,新疆乌鲁木齐830016 [4]塔中气象站,新疆且末841000

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2011年第4期26-30,共5页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：新疆气象局青年基金(201036);公益性行业科研专项(GYHY201006012);国家自然科学基金(40775019)联合资助

摘　　要：应用遥感资料及塔中80 m观测塔探测系统采集的数据,对塔克拉玛干沙漠一次强沙尘暴过境前后情况进行了监测,并分析了近地层短波辐射特性以及风速、风向、温度、湿度、气压的演变特征。结果表明:沙尘暴过境前后,总辐射、反射辐射明显降低,且达到峰值的时间滞后,短波辐射日变化与地面风速日变化相对应,主要受控于湍流作用,沙尘暴不仅严重影响能见度,而且还严重影响到达地表的太阳辐射,从而影响到天气气候。沙尘暴过境前,地面水平风风向经历了多次调整,风向调整时,风速减弱,调整之后,风速加大;沙尘暴过境时风速急剧增强,但风向较为稳定。沙尘暴来临前夕,地面空气干热,处于低压控制之下;而沙尘暴过境时和过境后,地面空气呈湿冷状态,气压急剧上升,最终处于高压控制之下。整场沙尘暴过程是一个降温增湿增压的过程。Using the remote sensing data and the observed data from the 80m meteorological tower in the hinterland of Taklimakan desert, we monitored the process of a strong sandstorm passing through Taklimakan desert hinterland, and analyzed the evolution characteristics of shortwave radiation, wind velocity, wind direction, temperature, humidity and pressure in detail in the nearsurface.The results indicated that, at preand post sandstorm periods, the total radiation and reflective radiation decreased obviously, and the peak time lagged. The daily range of shortwave corresponded with wind speed, and was controlled by the turbulence. The sandstorm not only seriously influenced the visibility, but also the total radiation, As a result it affected the climate. The wind direction changed several times before the sandstorm. The wind speed decreased at the change time of wind direction, it increased after that. The wind velocity increased rapid｜y and the wind direction was stable when the sandstorm passing. Before the onset of sandstorm, the air mass was hot and under the control of low pressure. When the sandstorm passing by, the air mass became cold and wet, and the pressure increased sharply. The weather of sandstorm was a process in which temperature decreased, and humidity and pressure increased.

关 键 词：塔克拉玛干沙漠 沙尘暴 短波辐射 气象要素 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]