三结合育种方法在小麦优异种质创育中的应用  

Application of Three-in-one Combination Breeding to Innovation of Elite Wheat Germplasms

作　　者：张克英 贺德先[2] 张建云[3] 詹克慧[2] 吴寅[2] 

机构地区：[1]国营南召县农场,河南南召474671 [2]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002 [3]河南工程学院,河南新郑451191

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2011年第8期50-53,71,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技创新人才计划项目(104200510013)

摘　　要：为创建新型的小麦基因体系,并为性状改良和新品种选育提供丰富的种质资源,利用远缘杂交、多倍体育种和电离辐射三结合的育种方法,进行了37 a的小麦超亲遗传及新种质创育工作。结果表明,三结合育种后代品系的染色体数量变异和结构变异幅度大,趋向双亲性状类型的分离较少而超亲遗传突出,后代种质分离持续时间长,不少具有较好的综合性状,籽粒产量和品质较常规育种后代显著提高。研究证明,三结合育种方法既克服了单纯的远缘杂交、多倍体育种或辐射育种方法的缺点,又综合了它们的优点,为丰富小麦种质资源和提高小麦育种效率开辟了一条新途径。To build new-type gene systems providing rich germplasm resources for wheat trait improvement and breeding of new cultivars,transgressive inheritance and innovation of elite wheat germplasms have been explored for 37 years by the three-in-one combination breeding（TOCB）,a combined method of distant crossing,polyploid breeding and ionizing radiation.The results showed that large numerical variation and structure variation of chromosomes occurred in the derived lines by TOCB.There were less segregation types inclined to parents＇traits and also a prominent transgressive inheritance.A long duration of segregation of posterity was also observed in the offspring lines.Compared with those of the lines derived by the regular breeding method,comprehensive traits of a few lines derived by TOCB were excellent and grain yield and quality were significantly improved.The study proved that TOCB not only overcame shortcomings of sole distant crossing,polyploid breeding or ionizing radiation,but also had comprehensive advantages of the three mentioned methods,and hence opened a new way how to widen wheat germplasm resources and increase hybrid breeding efficiency.

关 键 词：普通小麦 远缘杂交 多倍体育种 辐射育种 染色体变异 超亲遗传 种质创育 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]