伊乐藻与狐尾藻、苦草和金鱼藻的竞争研究  

Research on Competition of Elodea nuttallii with Myriophyllum verticillatum,Vallisneria natans and Ceratophyllum demersum

作　　者：段德龙[1] 于金金[1] 杨静[1] 胡倩如[1] 马帅[1] 任韶霞[1] 马剑敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2011年第8期149-152,155,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07106-002-004);河南师范大学大学生创新性实验计划;河南师范大学(国家级)实验教学示范中心大学生创新性实验计划项目

摘　　要：在室外2 m×2 m的水池中同时种植伊乐藻、狐尾藻、苦草和金鱼藻4种沉水植物,观察其周年生长的长势、分布面积等情况,以了解各自竞争力强弱。结果表明:6-8月时,伊乐藻生长最快,扩张能力最强,从最开始的1.08 m2增长至8月份的3.69 m2,其数量占4种沉水植物总数量的比例在6月份达到最高,为76.59%。7-9月时,狐尾藻有冠层位置的优势,能够漂浮在水面上充分利用阳光,面积增大至2.34 m2,而其数量所占的比例仍在增加,直到10月份达到最高(48.99%);而此时苦草具有中下层的生长优势,伊乐藻由于不喜高温而退化,处于劣势,面积最低退至1.26 m2。在秋冬至春季,由于伊乐藻较强的耐寒能力,面积增至3.20 m2,使它在时空竞争中更早地显示出优势,直接影响到种间竞争的格局。从整体来看,伊乐藻在与本土种的竞争中占据明显优势,我国北方引种时要慎重。Four submerged macrophytes,Elodea nuttallii,Myriophyllum verticillatum,Vallisneria natans and Ceratophyllum demersum,were planted to observe the growth potentials and competitive abilities in outdoor 2m×2m pools.The areas of every species were 1.08m2.Results showed that from June to August,Elodea nuttallii grew fastest and its expansion ability was strongest.Its distribution area was 3.69m2 and the quantity proportion reached highest,76.59% in June.From July to September,Myriophyllum verticillatum had the advantage of canopy position,and floated on the surface.It could make full use of sunshine and its area reached 2.34m2,while its quantity proportion still increased,and reached the highest of 48.99% in October.At this period,Vallisneria natans grew in the middle and lower layer of the water body,meanwhile Elodea nuttallii degenerated because of heat and the lowest area reduced to 1.26m2.In autumn-winter and spring,because Elodea nuttallii had strong chillness-tolerance,its area increased to 3.20m2,which made it possess competition advantage in time and space,and directly affected competition pattern among the four plants.Overall,Elodea nuttallii occupied a distinct advantage in competition with native species,which should be paid attention to when introduced in northern China.

关 键 词：伊乐藻 狐尾藻 金鱼藻 苦草 竞争力 

分 类 号：Q948.122.1[生物学—植物学]