陕南燃煤型砷中毒典型村居民的发砷含量特征  

Characteristics of Hair Arsenic Contents among Residents in Typical Village with Arsenism Caused by Burning Coal in Southern Shaanxi

作　　者：高健伟[1] 杨林生[1] 虞江萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所地表环境化学过程与健康实验室,北京市100101

出　　处：《职业与健康》2011年第17期1972-1974,共3页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:40571009)

摘　　要：目的研究陕南燃煤型地方性砷中毒病区的高砷石煤暴露人群发砷含量与年龄、性别、病情的关系。方法采集病区高砷暴露居民的发样90份,对照村居民的发样14份。用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定发砷。结果陕南砷暴露村居民发砷含量显著高于对照村,同时显著高于砷中毒病情更加严重的贵州省兴仁县长青镇,经比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高砷暴露人群内部发砷含量随着年龄增加和砷中毒病情加重而增加,符合慢性砷暴露的特征,男性和女性的发砷差异不显著。41名未出现临床体征的居民发砷含量高达7.83 mg/kg,与轻度、中度中毒患者的发砷含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明在皮肤损伤症状出现之前,砷已经在人体内蓄积并达到有害程度,可能处于亚临床阶段。结论陕南燃煤型砷中毒病区暴露人群具有高砷蓄积特征;无临床体征的高砷暴露人群可能处于亚临床阶段,提示在地方性砷中毒的诊断标准中,应重视发砷值而不能仅注重临床症状和体征。[Objective]To study the relationship between hair arsenic contents and age,sex,disease condition among population exposed to high arsenic stone coal in endemic area of arsenism caused by burning coal in southern Shaanxi. [Methods]90 hair samples of residents exposed to high arsenic in endemic area and 14 controls were collected.ICP-MS was used to test the hair arsenic contents. [Results]The hair arsenic contents of residents exposed to arsenic in southern Shaanxi was significantly higher than that of the control village,and was significantly higher than that of Changqing town of Xingren County in Guizhou where the prevalence of arsenism was more serious（P〈0.05）.The hair arsenic contents of population exposed to high concentrations of arsenic increased with age and disease condition of arsenism,which was in accordance with characteristics of chronical arsenic exposure,and the difference in hair arsenic contents between men and women was not significant.The hair arsenic contents of 41 residents who had no clinical signs reached 7.83 mg/kg,and there was no significant difference between these people and the mild,moderate arsenism patients（P〉0.05）,which indicated that arsenic had been accumulated in body and caused damage before shin injury symptoms had happened,it might be subclinical stage. [Conclusion]The population exposed to arsenic in endemic area of arsenism caused by burning coal in southern Shaanxi had characteristics of high arsenic accumulation.The arsenic exposure population who had no clinical signs might be in subclinical stage,which indicated that diagnosis standard of endemic arsenism should pay attention to hair arsenic value but clinical symptoms and signs.

关 键 词：燃煤型地方性砷中毒 人发 砷 

分 类 号：R599.9[医药卫生—内科学]