生物可降解性消化道支架的应用及其生物相容性  

Application and biocompatibility of biodegradable gastrointestinal stents

作　　者：张恩[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳医学院沈州医院消化科,辽宁省沈阳市110002

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》2011年第16期2961-2964,共4页Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research

摘　　要：背景:生物可降解支架可在消化道管腔内短期成形,具有良好的生物相容性,随后完全降解,并可以根据临床需要调节支架降解时间,避免了永久性支架的并发症。目的:评价不同材料制成的生物可降解性消化道支架的应用、相容性评价以及研究进展。方法:以"生物可降解,消化道,支架,相容性"为关键词,采用电子检索方式在万方数据库中检索1999-01/2009-12有关生物可降解性消化道支架的研究。排除重复研究、普通综述或Meta分析类文章,筛选纳入22篇文献进行评价。结果与结论:可降解支架在消化道疾病中的应用已经显示其有效的扩张性及临床安全性等。可降解材料大多是高分子材料,包括天然可降解高分子、微生物合成高分子材料和合成可降解高分子3类。天然可降解高分子大多是多糖类。天然可降解高分子一般生物相容性良好,但是力学性能较差。微生物合成高分子材料目前研究及应用尚较少。合成高分子种类比较多,常见的有聚丙交酯、聚己内酯、聚乙二醇等。合成高分子优点在于可以比较灵活的设计分子结构,通过发展共聚物、共混物来得到不同性质的材料。可降解支架可以解决良恶性狭窄的再通及瘘口的封堵等,但可降解支架在消化道系统中应用的效力还需要未来进行大量的研究工作来评估。BACKGROUND： Biodegradable stent can be formed in the gastrointestinal lumen short-term, which has a good biocompatibility, and then completely degraded, and the degradation time of stent should be adjusted according to clinical needs, in order to avoid complications of permanent stents. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate application, compatibility evaluation and research progress of biodegradable gastrointestinal stents made by different materials. METHODS： Taking ＂application and biocompatibility of biodegradable gastrointestinal stents＂ in Chinese as search terms, the researches related to biodegradable gastrointestinal stents from Wanfang database （1999-01/2009-12） was retrieved by computer. Repetitive, reviewed and Meta-analysis researches were excluded. A total of 22 documents were screened for evaluation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The application of biodegradable stents in disease of digestive tract had showed their effective dilatancy and clinical safety. Biodegradable materials are mostly polymers, including natural biodegradable polymer, synthetic polymer micro-organisms and synthetic biodegradable polymer materials. Natural biodegradable polymers are mostly polysaccharides. Natural biodegradable polymers generally have a good biocompatibility, but their mechanical properties are poor. The research and application of synthetic polymer micro-organisms are less, while types of synthetic polymers are more, such as polylactide, polycaprolactone, and polyethylene glycol. The advantages of synthetic polymers are that they can be designed more flexible molecular structure, and obtained different kinds of materials according to the development of copolymers, and blends. Degradable stents can solve benign and malignant narrow recanalization and the sealing of fistula. However, the effect of degradable stents in alimentary system is still need a great deal of research to undergo evaluation in the future.

关 键 词：生物可降解性 支架 超声引导 材质 生物相容性 消化道 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]