抗蚜棉花新品种晋棉51号的选育及高产栽培技术  

Breeding of New Cotton Variety Jinmian 51 of Aphid Resistance and Its High-Yielding Cultivation Technology

作　　者：郭宝德[1] 姜艳丽[2] 黄穗兰[1] 冀丽霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,山西太原030032 [2]山西省农业科学院棉花研究所,山西运城044000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2011年第9期933-935,971,共4页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省农业科学院育种工程项目(11yzgc038)

摘　　要：蚜虫是棉花生产的主要害虫之一,采用化学防治为主的措施会导致棉蚜天敌数量减少及害虫产生抗药性,而将野生棉种的多茸毛性状导入栽培种陆地棉可使其产生形态抗蚜特性。在克服棉花远缘杂交不亲和性、杂交后代不育两大障碍后,成功培育出具有形态抗蚜性状的远缘杂交低代材料。为克服远缘杂交后代疯狂分离的难题,又运用棉花半配合育种技术将培育出的抗蚜远缘杂交低代材料快速稳定,通过定向选择与鉴定培育出了抗蚜棉花新品种晋棉51号。结合配套的高产栽培技术,可以有效地降低栽培成本、提高生产效益。Aphid is one of main pests of cotton. Chemical control leads to the decrease in the number of natural enemies and insecticide resistance of pests. Adopting distant hybridization technique, the hairy character of wild cotton was transferred to upland cotton, and it had the character of morphological aphid resistance. After overcoming these obstacles about the cross incompatibility and sterility of hybrid progenies in the cotton distant hybridization, these hybridization＇s lower generations with the character of morphological aphid resistance had been successfully developed. To overcome excessive segregation in distant hybridization progenies and make these distant hybridization＇s lower generations with the morphological aphid resistance rapid stable by using cotton semigamy breeding technology, the new cotton variety Jinmian 51 with aphid resistance was bred through directional selection and identification. Combined with the matching cultivation techniques for high yield, the cost of cultivation could be effectively reduced and the production benefit improved in cotton production.

关 键 词：棉花品种 形态抗蚜 远缘杂交 半配合 

分 类 号：S562.03[农业科学—作物学]