明清时期经营式农业何以发展不足:一个人才配置模型  

Why the Development of Management Agriculture is Inadequate in Ming and Qing Dynasties:A Model of Talent Allocation

作　　者：谢冬水[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学,北京100081

出　　处：《中国经济问题》2011年第5期27-35,共9页China Economic Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71003115)

摘　　要：经营式农业是中国历史上一种重要的农业经营方式,为什么这种经营方式在明清时期会发展不足呢?本文在一个简单的人才配置模型中分析了这一问题。企业家才能的投入是经营式农业发展的关键,配置到经营式农业中的企业家资源缺失是经营式农业发展不足的主要原因。明清时期的社会制度环境为企业家向官僚阶层流动提供了激励,受官僚阶层高报酬的吸引,企业家们大都热衷于进入官僚阶层而无心从事农业经营。一个人才大量涌向官僚阶层而不是经营式农业的社会,抑制了发展经营式农业所需企业家才能的投入,经营式农业因此发展不足。Management agriculture is one of the important models of agricultural operations in Chinese history. Why the development of this operation model is inadequate in Ming and Qing dynasties？ The paper analyzes the issue in an allocation of talent model. The input of entrepreneurship is the key for the development of management agriculture, but the lack of entrepre- neurs is the main reason that leads to its failure. In Ming and Qing dynasties, the institutional environment encourage entrepreneurs to flow into bureaucracy. Attracted by high returns, most entrepreneurs were interested in becoming official while inadvertently engaged in agricultural operation. A society in which entrepreneurs flood into bureaucracy rather than management agriculture, restricted the input of entrepreneurial talent into the management agriculture, so the development of management agriculture is inadequate.

关 键 词：人才配置 企业家 经营式农业 制度 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济]