髋关节的生物力学改变与髋关节疾病手术治疗研究进展  

Advances in Hip Biomechanics Changes and Surgical Treatment of Hip Diseases

作　　者：张秀丽[1] 刘勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津市天津医院关节外科,300211 [2]天津市河西医院骨科

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2011年第26期3048-3051,共4页Chinese General Practice

摘　　要：髋关节是一个由骨、韧带和肌肉组织组成的复杂结构,在站立和行走过程中将体质量传向下肢。因其解剖结构复杂且病变多样,诊断髋关节疼痛的原因及其病理变化比较困难。诊断和治疗手段的发展使人们对髋关节疾病的治疗有了新的认识。了解髋关节的生物力学和运动功能以及相关的病理变化,有助于骨科医生正确地诊断和治疗髋关节疾病。本文对髋关节及其周围结构的生物力学以及髋关节病变如髋臼发育不良、股骨髋臼撞击综合征、盂唇损伤、关节囊松弛、髋关节不稳和关节软骨损伤的生物力学改变进行综述,并讨论这些病变的临床意义及其治疗方法在恢复和保留髋关节功能中的作用。The hip is a complex anatomic structure composed of osseous, ligamentous, and muscular structures re- sponsible for transferring the weight of the body from the axial skeleton into the lower extremities. Evaluation of hip pain and peri- articular pathology can be challenging because of the complex local anatomy and broad differential diagnosis. Recent advancements in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of hip pathology have led to a renewed interest in the management of these disorders. An un- derstanding of the basic biomechanical and kinematic function of the hip and the consequences of associated pathology can greatly assist the orthopaedic surgeon in appropriately diagnosing and treating these problems. In this review we discuss the basic biome- chanical concepts of the hip and surrounding structures and the changes experienced as a result of various pathologies including dysplasia, femoroaeetabular impingement, labral injury, capsular laxity, hip instability, and articular cartilage injury. We will also discuss the clinical implications and surgical management of these pathologies and their role in restoring or preserving the n- ative funetion of the hip joint.

关 键 词：髋关节 生物力学 运动 

分 类 号：R684.7[医药卫生—骨科学]