颞骨内面神经管的显微解剖与临床应用  

Anatomic Investigation of Intratemporal Facial Nerve Canal and Its Clinical Significance

作　　者：杨治涛[1] 朱红伍[2] 

机构地区：[1]包头医学院 [2]包头市中心医院

出　　处：《包头医学院学报》2011年第4期9-11,共3页Journal of Baotou Medical College

摘　　要：目的:研究颞骨内面神经管及其毗邻结构的显微解剖,为临床手术提供解剖学资料。方法:通过模拟临床乳突联合颅中窝入路的方法,暴露面神经管全程,分层解剖15个成年国人湿性头颅标本(30侧颞骨),显露并测量颞骨内面神经管及其毗邻结构。结果:面神经管分三段,迷路段、鼓室段、乳突段。面神经管迷路段长度为2.67±0.23 mm(左)、2.60±0.23 mm(右),直径为1.46±0.60 mm(左)、1.50±0.56 mm(右);鼓室段长度为10.63±0.58 mm(左)、10.58±0.75 mm(右),直径为1.93±0.09 mm(左)、1.94±0.11 mm(右);乳突段长度为14.37±0.93mm(左)、14.31±0.97mm(右),直径为2.37±0.12 mm(左)、2.37±0.10 mm(右);鼓室段与迷路段夹角为76.6°±3.13°(左)、76.5°±2.75°(右),鼓室段与乳突段夹角为113.1°±3.94°(左)、112.4°±2.77°(右)。结论:二腹肌嵴、外半规管凸、砧骨短突、面神经隐窝、匙突、弓状隆起、棘孔、面神经管裂孔是手术中确定面神经管的重要标志。熟悉颞骨内面神经管与其周围结构的毗邻关系,有利于面神经及相关手术的顺利进行。Objective ： To investigate the microdissection of intratemporal facial nerve canal and its adjacent structures, and to provide anatomic data for clinical surgery. Methods： The intratemporal facial nerve canal and its adjacent structures were observed in 15 adult wet skull specimens （30 temporal bones） by simulating traditional clinical operation via transmastoid and middle cranial fossa approaches. Results： The facial nerve canal included labyrinthine, tympanic, and mastoid segments. The length of labyrinthine segment was 2.67 ± 0.23 mm in the left, and 2.60 ± 0.23 mm in the right. Its diameter was 1.46 ± 0.60 mm in the left, and 1.50 ±0.56 mm in the right. The length of tympanic segment was 10.63 ±0.58 mm in the left and 10.58 ±0.75 mm in the right. Its diameter was 1.93±0.09 mm in the left, and 1.94 ±0. 11 mm in the right. The length of mastoid segments was ld. 37 ± 0.93 mm in the left and 14.31±0.97 mm in the right. Its diameter was 2.37 ±0.12 mm in the left and 2.37 ±0.10 mm in the right. The angle between labyrinthine and tympanic segments was 76.6±3.13 ° （left） and 76.5± 2.75 ° （right）, respectively. While the angle between tympanic and mastoid segments was 113. 1° ±3.94° （left） and 112. go ± 2.77° （right）, respectively. Conclusion： Horizontal semicircular canal, digastric ridge, facial recess, cochleariform process, tarin foramen, arcuate eminence, and foramen spinosum are important signs of the facial nerve canal. The knowledge of the microdissection of intratemporal facial nerve canal and its adjacent structures would make the surgery smoothly.

关 键 词：面神经管 解剖测量 颞骨 

分 类 号：R651.1[医药卫生—外科学] R322[医药卫生—临床医学]