草莓未受精子房离体雌核发育的研究  

Studies on Gynogenesis by Means of Culture in Vitro of Unfertilized Ovary of Strawberry

作　　者：王文和[1] 吴禄平[2] 赵玉萍[1] 王超[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院园林学院,北京102206 [2]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《园艺学报》2011年第8期1455-1461,共7页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：北京市科委资助项目(Z080005032508017)

摘　　要：将凤梨草莓(Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.)品种‘明旭’未受精子房在适宜离体条件下培养,诱导其雌核发育。在雌核发育的不同时期采用爱氏苏木精整体染色—石蜡切片法、整体染色—冬青油透明—石蜡切片法、解剖—整体透明法观察研究,结果表明雌核发育有3种不同的现象:①卵细胞启动分裂形成原胚,即卵细胞孤雌生殖;②偶尔有反足细胞启动分裂形成细胞团,但进一步发育的方向不清楚,很难形成胚体,未发现助细胞的无配子生殖;③个别极核分裂形成少数类胚乳游离核、游离核集团或胚乳状细胞结构等自发胚乳。胚的形态表现多样,可划分为典型胚、具畸形细胞胚和愈伤组织化胚。但无论哪种胚均是卵细胞孤雌生殖的结果;典型胚的发育和体内正常胚胎发育途径相似;胚囊植株主要经典型胚发育而成。具畸形细胞胚和愈伤组织化的胚很难形成胚囊植株。The Neoregelia type strawberry（Fragaria × ananassa Duch.）＇Mingxu＇were used to induce gynogenesis by means of the suitable culture in vitro of unfertilized ovary.Three methods were employed to prepare sections during the growth period.Ehrlich hematoxylin intact staining-paraffin method,intact staining-holly oil cleaning-paraffin method and dissection-intact cleaning method.The embryological studies on unfertilized ovaries of strawberry cultured in vitro showed that the gynogenesis had three different phenomena.（1）Egg cell started to divide into proembryo,which is egg cell parthenogenesis.（2）Some antipodal cells started to divide into cell group occasionally,but the further developing of the cell group was unclear and difficultly formed into embryo.Moreover the apogamic of synergid was not observed additionally.（3）Polar nucleus individually divided into a few endosperm like free nuclei or the structure of free nuclei group.The in vitro embryos could be classified into three types,the typical embryo,the embryo with abnormal cells,and the callusized embryo.All the above embryos derived from the parthenogenesis of egg cells.The development of typical embryo from culture in vitro wassimilar to the normal embryo of the plant.The gynogenic plants primarily developed from the typical embryo.Embryos with abnormal cells and embryos with callus tissue are hard to develop into embryo sac plants.

关 键 词：草莓 未受精子房 离体培养 雌核发育 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]