医院抗菌药物使用与细菌耐药性分析  

Analysis of use of antibiotics and bacterial resistance

作　　者：郭永谊[1] 郭兆旺[2] 姚骥如[1] 田琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学第五附属医院药学部,广东珠海519000 [2]中山大学第五附属医院检验科,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2011年第17期3685-3687,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的调查医院抗菌药物使用和细菌耐药性变迁趋势,分析细菌耐药性变迁与抗菌药物使用量间的关系,为合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法分别统计2008-2010年住院部各类抗菌药物和常用品种的使用强度(AUD)并排序,同时统计多药耐药菌株分离率及主要强势病原菌耐药率,并对相关数据进行分析比较。结果抗菌药物总AUD 2009年比2008年下降12.6%,与2010年基本持平;三代头孢AUD 2010年比2009年增长13.4%,其3年均值占总AUD均值31.5%;使用强度前3位一直是头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类和氨基糖苷类;产ESBLs大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌多耐药菌株分离率呈上升趋势;主要强势病原菌耐药率2009年比2008年总体呈下降趋势,2010年随各抗菌药物AUD变化有所升降。结论细菌耐药率变化与抗菌药物使用强度密切相关,医院应加强对抗菌药物使用监管,以减少和延缓细菌耐药性发生。OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of antibacterials and the variation of drug resistance as well as the relationship between them,provide information for the rational use of antibacterials.METHODS The AUD of all types and commonly used species antibacterials were analyzed and sorted,the strong resistance rates of pathogens were stated in our hospital in inpatients from 2008 to 2010.RESULTS In 2009,the total AUD of antibacterials was decreased by 12.6% as compared with 2008,and basically reached the same level in 2010;the AUD of three generation cephalosporin was increased by 13.43% from 2009 to 2010 and its average AUD was 31.5% in the average total AUD in the past three years.The top three of AUD were cephalosporins,quinolones and aminoglycoside.The isolation rates of ESBLs-producing E.coli and K.pneumonia showed a rising trend;the drug resistance rates of main pathogens were decreased from 2008 to 2009 and were decreased or increased with various AUD of every antibacterial in 2010.CONCLUSION The rate of bacterial resistance and the AUD of antibacterials is intimately correlated.Strengthening the management of antibacterials use can reduce and delay the incidence of bacterial resistance.

关 键 词：抗菌药物 使用强度 耐药率 合理用药 

分 类 号：R978[医药卫生—药品]