民族地区农村老年人自我健康管理状况调查  

National rural elderly survey self-health management

作　　者：陈正英[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学医学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《中国老年学杂志》2011年第17期3340-3343,共4页Chinese Journal of Gerontology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(No.08XMZ007);湘西州2009科技计划项目联合资助

摘　　要：目的了解民族地区农村老年人的自我健康感知状况及自我健康管理相关行为,并分析其相关因素,为社区的发展及老年人健康管理提供依据。方法应用分层、随机抽样方法,对湘西地区60岁及以上农村老年人320人进行调查。利用自行设计的问卷调查老年人的健康感知状况及健康相关行为,以Epidata 3.02建立数据库并进行数据录入,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行分析。结果调查312人,社区有健康档案的占8.65%,患1种慢性病、同时患2种以上慢性病分别占18.91%、44.87%,社区对居民慢性病全部掌握、全面了解的分别占3.42%、19.77%;每天睡眠时间少于6 h者占25.32%,睡眠时间在6-8 h、9-10 h、≥11 h的分别占58.97%、12.82%、2.89%;社区有计划有组织开展健身活动的占9.29%,有广场可健身的占17.95%,有专门的室内场所的占10.58%,无健身场所的占71.47%;30.45%每周参加3次以上健身活动;对营养结构的搭配非常注意、注意的分别占2.88%、14.42%,吸烟率为39.74%,饮酒率为30.45%;调查中发现不同年龄老年人的视力、听力、味觉、触觉的感知情况不全相同,总体而言,年龄越大对各种感觉的感知能力越差。结论湘西民族地区老年人的各项卫生行为状况不够合理,社区对老年人的健康管理与健康促进存在较严重问题。应加强老年居民健康卫生行为的宣传,以增进健康,提高生命质量。Objective To detect national rural elderly self-perceived health status and self-health management related behavior,and analyze the relevant factors,the development of the community and elderly health management basis.Methods Stratified random sampling method was used in the research.320 rural elderly people ≥60 years old in western region was selected.Self-designed questionnaire of mental health status and health-related behaviors was used and Epidata 3.02 was used to establish a database and data entry,SPSS 13.0 software was used for analysis.Results The percentage of having community health records was 8.65% in 312 people,the percentage of suffering from 1,≥2 kinds of chronic disease was 18.91% and 44.87% respectively.The percent of comprehensive mastering and understanding was 3.42% and 19.77%.The percent of sleeping time less than 6,6-8,9-10 and ≥ 11 h/d was 25.32%,58.97%,12.82% and 2.89%. The percentage of communities organizing body-building,with body-building square,with special indoor space and without body-building space was 9.29%,17.95%,10.58% and 71.47%.There were 30.45% persons having ≥3 times/w body-building activities.The percentage of paying attention trophic structure very much and normal was 2.88% and 14.42%.The percentage of smoking was 39.74%,the percentage of drinking was 30.45%.There were difference among different age old persons in sight,hearing,the sense of taste and touch.More worse in feeling ability,more elder.Conclusions Health behavior situation of the elderly in western Hunan ethnic areas is not reasonable enough,there is a more serious problem in the health of the elderly community management and health promotion.The health behavior of elderly residents in health promotion should be strengthened to improve health,enhance quality of life.

关 键 词：健康管理 农村老年人 需求 影响因素 

分 类 号：R161[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]