非洲菊连作对土壤理化性状与生物性状的影响  

Effects of Continuous Cropping System on the Soil Physical-Chemical Properties and Biological Properties of Gerbera jamesonii

作　　者：马海燕[1] 徐瑾[1] 郑成淑[1] 孙霞[1] 束怀瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/国家苹果工程技术中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2011年第18期3733-3740,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD11B01;2011BAD11B02)

摘　　要：【目的】研究非洲菊连作土壤物理化学性状、土壤微生物区系和土壤酶活性动态变化。【方法】以未种植过非洲菊的土壤作对照,测定连作非洲菊1、3、5和7年土壤的理化性质、酶和微生物活性的变化。【结果】随着连作年限的增加,土壤pH和容重下降,连作1、3、5和7年的土壤总含盐量分别比对照增加4.00%、72.80%、24.00%和88.00%。土壤有机质和速效氮含量随着连作年限的增加而上升,土壤速效磷和速效钾含量呈下降趋势。土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性呈先升后降的趋势,连作1年和3年土壤酶活性降低,连作5年以后又升高,土壤过氧化氢酶和中性磷酸酶活性呈下降趋势,连作1、3、5、7年土壤蛋白酶活性分别比对照增加9.09%、50.00%、63.64%、93.18%。土壤真菌数量随着连作时间延长而增加,连作7年的土壤真菌数与对照相比增加了192.04%,细菌数量呈下降趋势,其它微生物类群的数量呈先升后降的趋势。【结论】非洲菊连作后土壤pH降低,土壤总含盐量逐渐增加,有次生盐渍化的趋势,土壤中氮、磷、钾比例失调。连作5—7年,土壤真菌数量上升,细菌和放线菌数量和土壤酶活性下降,连作障碍明显。【Objective】The objective of the experiment is to study the effect of Gerbera jamesonii continuous cropping on soil physical-chemical and biological characters.【Method】 Using conventional methods,an experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of Gerbera jamesonii continuous cropping on soil physical-chemical properties,soil microbial and enzyme activities.【Result】Results showed that compared with control,soil salt content was increased by 4.00%,72.80%,24.00% and 88.00%,respectively,under 1-7 years continuous cropping,while soil pH and bulk density began to decline.With the increasing of continuous cropping years,soil organic matter content and available N content was remarkably raised,but the soil available P and available K content was decreased.The activities of urase and sucrase increased in 1-3 years continuous cropping,while those enzyme activities decreased in 5-7 years,the soil catalase and phosphatase activity decreased with the continuous cropping year increasing,while the protease activity increased by 9.09%,50.00%,63.64%,93.18%,respectively,under 1-7 years continuous cropping,compared with control.With the time of continuous cropping increasing,soil fungi number increased gradually,the number of 7 years continuous cropping increased by 192.04%,the number of bacteria decreased,but the number of other microorganisms increased in 1-3 years continuous cropping and decreased in 5-7 years.【Conclusion】 Under continuous cropping,soil pH and bulk density decreased,soil salt content increased,while soil N,P,K proportion was imbalanced.The quantities of bacteria and actinomycetes and the enzyme activities of soil decreased under 5-7 years continuous cropping,but soil fungi number increased,the obstacles of continuous cropping were obvious.

关 键 词：非洲菊 连作 土壤理化性状 土壤微生物 酶活性 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]