耳叶补血草花粉萌发及花粉管生长状况的荧光显微观察  

The Observation of Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Limonium otolepis by Fluorescence Microscopy

作　　者：师东[1] 张爱勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2011年第8期1549-1553,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室项目(XJDX0201-2011-08)

摘　　要：【目的】耳叶补血草是蓝雪科补血草属的多年生草本植物,具有较高的生态、药用和观赏价值。但其结实率极低影响了种群的繁殖。【方法】通过野外观测、荧光染色等手段对其花部特征、花粉萌发及花粉管生长状况等进行研究,以探讨耳叶补血草在传粉、受精过程中影响种子形成的因素。【结果】耳叶补血草的单花寿命较短仅1 d,开花和散粉都集中在早上;花柱5枚,柱头丝状,但柱头花粉数量少且自花粉滞溜严重。自然状况下,花粉落置在柱头上5 h后开始萌发,10 h时花粉管长约为花柱长度的1/4,20 h时花粉管达到花柱的2/3处,25～30 h花粉管到达子房。异花授粉比自花授粉有着较高的花粉萌发率和花粉管生长速度。【结论】耳叶补血草较多的花柱数目并没有增强雌蕊的授粉能力。柱头较差的花粉粘着力、自花粉滞留严重,且挤占花柱通道而抑制异花粉的萌发和生长,成为耳叶补血草传粉受精方面影响结实的因素。[Objective]Limonium otolepis L.is a perennial herb in Plumbaginaceae Limonium Mill and has high ecological,medicina and ornamenta value.However,its low fruit - set limits its population reproduction.[Method]The floral traits,pollen germination and pollen tube growth conditions of L.otolepis L were investigated by outdoor observation at fixed - spot,fluorescence staining and other methods were used to explore the factors related to seed setting in the process of pollination and fertilization.[Result]The results showed that the life span of individual flowers is short（one day）,and flowering and pollen distribution occurred in the morning.There are five styles with filiformed stigma per flower.The amount of pollen grain on the stigma is small but with a plenty of the self - pollens deposition.In nature,the pollen began to germinate 5 h after pollination,and the pollen tube reached the 1/4 of total length of the style at 10 h after pollination, and the 2/3 at 20 h after pollination,and the ovary at 25-30 h after pollination.The cross - pollen germination and pollen tube growth were faster than self-pollination.[Conclusion]The multiple styles of L. otolepis can not increase the ability of the pistil in receiving pollens.Many factors have influence on the pollination and fertilization of L.otolepis L,such as poor pollen adhesion of stigma,plenty of self - pollens deposition on the stigma,and the lower cross - pollen germination and growth rate due to the style channel blocked in pollination and fertilization.

关 键 词：耳叶补血草 花粉粘着力 花粉萌发及花粉管生长 荧光观察 

分 类 号：Q944.42[生物学—植物学]