普光气田集输系统安全控制与应急管理  

Safety control and emergency management of the gathering and transmission system in the Puguang Gas Field

作　　者：王寿平[1] 龚金海[2] 刘德绪[2] 王晓霖[2] 王勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化股份有限公司中原油田分公司 [2]中国石化集团中原石油勘探局勘察设计研究院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2011年第9期116-119,144-145,共4页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技重大专项"四川盆地普光大型高含硫气田开发示范工程"(编号:2008ZX05048)

摘　　要：我国高含硫气田大规模开发尚属首次,缺乏成熟配套的安全控制技术、标准规范和管理体系,安全生产和应急处置面临一系列技术难题。普光气田硫化氢含量高、压力高、集输系统点多线长,泄漏监测与安全控制要求高,同时由于地形复杂,人口密集,应急处置和应急疏散难度大。为此,①通过建立含硫天然气泄漏山地扩散模型,对不同生产区域的安全防护距离进行了优化,确定了我国高含硫气田的安全防护距离;集成红外、激光、电化学和无线远程监测,形成了平面布局、立体布防、全方位的天然气泄漏多元监测体系;优化气井、集输、净化、外输紧急关断系统的逻辑关系,创建了大型高含硫气田上下游一体化的4级联锁关断系统。②应用含硫天然气泄漏山地扩散模型划分应急区域,建设了最大规模的紧急疏散通讯系统,通过应急疏散能力评估对应急道路进行了优化,研发了山地消防坦克和远程点火等装备,建立了完整的应急处置、人员疏散与应急救援体系,形成了复杂山地高含硫气田大规模应急疏散与救援技术。这些措施为该气田绿色、高效开发提供了安全保障。It is the first time for China to have developed such a large-scale sour gas field in Puguang,so many technical difficulties will have to be encountered in its safe production and emergency response for lack of a complete package of safety control techniques,related standards or regulations,and mature management systems.More than that,gas reservoirs are under high pressure in this field and the gases contain a high H2S content;a high requirement is needed for the leakage monitoring and safety control due to the many spots and long lines in the gas gathering and transmission system;and due to complex terrain and dense population,emergency treatment and evacuation become extremely difficult.In view of this,a diffusion model of sour gas leakage at mountainous areas is developed.The distances of safety protection at different operation zones are optimized to determine the detailed areas of safety control in a sour gas field in China.Integrated with the infrared,laser,electrochemical,wireless remote monitoring methods,a multi-way monitoring system is formed with plane layout,three dimension,and full orientation.After the optimization of control logic systems between gas wells,gathering lines,sweetening facilities and transportation systems,an integrated four-level interlocking switch-off system is thus developed covering all the production process from upstream to downstream for such a large sour gas field.In addition,based on the emergency areas classified according to the said diffusion model,the most extensive broadcasting system is set up for emergency evacuation,and the emergency routes are also optimized through the assessment of emergency evacuation capacity.The research and development of specific equipment like mountainous firefighting tanks,turbojet firefighting vehicles,and remote igniting devices have been successfully conducted.In this way,a complete system of emergency treatment,staff evacuation and emergency aid is fulfilled and the related methods and techniques are formed for the large sour gas fields

关 键 词：普光气田 高含硫天然气 天然气泄漏 泄漏监测 紧急关断 安全控制 应急疏散 应急管理 

分 类 号：TE866[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]