文化模式与犯罪构成模式  

Cultural Pattern and Model of Constitution of a Crime

作　　者：赵秉志[1] 彭文华[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院暨法学院 [2]苏州大学王健法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2011年第5期96-109,共14页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：赵秉志教授主持的国家社科基金重点项目"犯罪构成论体系比较研究"(项目批准号:10AFX007)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：中国文化模式属于机体宇宙论,与"天人合一"的自本体观和直觉体悟的认识论相关联;西方文化模式属于机械宇宙论,与"征服自然"的他本体观和逻辑分析的认识论相关联。中国的犯罪构成是机体的犯罪构成,体现的诉讼规则是综合规则;西方的犯罪构成是机器的犯罪构成,体现的诉讼规则是可废除规则。在提高司法效率与实现司法公正方面,机体的犯罪构成与机器的犯罪构成均能实现各自均衡。机体的犯罪构成更利于贯彻无罪推定原则和实现刑法的人权保障机能,但在控制犯罪和实现刑法的社会秩序维护机能方面相对弱化;机器的犯罪构成更利于控制犯罪和实现刑法的社会秩序维护机能,但在贯彻无罪推定原则和刑法的人权保障机能方面相对弱化。Chinese cultural pattern belongs to the organic cosmology which is associated with the ontological concept of ＂syncretism of heaven and human＂ and the epistemology of intuitive under- standing. Western cultural pattern belongs to the mechanical cosmology which is associated with the ontological concept of ＂conquering the nature＂ and the epistemology of logical analysis. Accordingly, the constitution of a crime in Chinese criminal theory has its organic feature and is an organic and integrate entirety composed of different elements. Used to convict a crime, these constitutive elements are independent from each other, and there is no hierarchical level between them. However, the constitution of a crime in Western criminal theory is characterized by a machine. As a part of a machine has its own effect, every constitutive element of a crime has its own function and may evaluate things independently. As far as convicting a crime is concerned, the constitution of a crime in Chinese criminal theory leads to the mode of ＂from innocence to conviction＂ and ＂from part to overall＂. It can realize the balance between efficiency and fair, and benefit implementing the principle of presumption of innocence and safeguarding human rights through the burden of proof by the accusers. But it also has shortages in crime control and order maintenance. To the contrary, the constitution of a crime in Western criminal theory shows the feature of presumption of guilt to some extent. But its course of convicting or negating a crime is open and not simultaneous which contributes to realize the balance between saving judicial cost and improving efficiency. Besides, easing the burden of proof of the accusers benefits controlling crime and realizing the function of the criminal law to keep pubic order. In short, the theoretical model of the constitution of a crime is the counterpart of the cultural pattern of different countries, and has respective advantages and shortcomings and reflects different cultural concepts and value c

关 键 词：文化模式 犯罪构成模式 机体的犯罪构成 机器的犯罪构成 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]