非平衡热力学在界面传递过程中的应用  

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics analysis and its application for interfacial mass transfer

作　　者：陆小华[1] 吉远辉[1] 刘洪来[2] 

机构地区：[1]材料化学工程国家重点实验室南京工业大学,南京210009 [2]化学工程联合国家重点实验室华东理工大学,上海200237

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2011年第9期1540-1547,共8页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA03Z455);国家自然科学基金合作交流项目NSFC-RGC联合资助项目(20731160614),国家自然科学基金(20976080 & 20736002)资助;长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT0732);国家重点基础研究发展计划前期研究专项(973计划,2009CB226103)

摘　　要：21世纪以来,随着各学科之间的交叉渗透,化学工程的研究对象越来越复杂,界面传递对多相化工过程的影响越来越显示出它的重要性,传统的传递模型已经很难对界面复杂动态的传递行为进行定量描述.本文应用线性非平衡态热力学理论,对传统物质传递模型进行描述,分析界面传递过程速率J强化的三个因素:界面传质系数K、传递截面积A、界面化学位梯度Δμ.以含钾化合物作为模型体系,基于非平衡热力学原理建立了描述和预测固-液界面处介质传递速率的模型,并建立了描述其溶解速率的通用模型和测定钾离子动力学数据的实验方法,通过分析探讨了多相过程速率强化的途径.Since 21st century, the research objects of chemical engineering have been becoming increasingly complicated with the development and interaction of various subjects. Interfacial transfer has played more and more important role in the multi-phase chemical process. However, it is difficult to describe the complex interfacial transport behavior by the traditional mass transfer model. In this paper, the interfacial mass transfer model based on linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics is described to analyze the rate of interfacial transport. The interfacial transfer process rate J depends on interface mass transfer coefficients K, interfacial area A and chemical potential gradient △u at interface. Herein, potassium inorganic compounds were selected as model systems. The model based on linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics was established to describe and predict the transport rate of solid-solution interface. And combining with the accurate experimental kinetic data of potassium ion achieved by the ion selective electrodes, the general model which is used to describe the dissolution rate was further established to analyze the means for improving the process rate.

关 键 词：化学工程 非平衡热力学 界面传递 过程速率 

分 类 号：TK124[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]