1964-2011年中国大陆人体旋毛虫病流行分析  

Epidemiological Analysis of Human Trichinellosis in the Mainland of China

作　　者：郑德福[1] 肖宁[1] 冯萍[2] 许光荣 欧阳清 廖琳[5] 叶萍 陈漪澜[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,成都610041 [2]四川大学华西医学中心 [3]四川省甘孜州疾控中心 [4]四川省丹巴县疾控中心 [5]四川大学华西基础医学院

出　　处：《寄生虫病与感染性疾病》2011年第3期119-125,共7页Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases

摘　　要：目的总结分析中国大陆1964-2011年旋毛虫病的地区分布与的危害,提出相应防控措施。方法查阅、收集、整理国内1964-02/2011-05多种医学书籍、专著、医学杂志、寄生虫学科技期刊等有关国内大陆地区的人体旋毛虫病暴发或流行及病例报道资料。统计分析该病发病现状、发病季节、发病因素、地区分布、患者年龄、性别、职业、人群生食动物种类流行因素与危害状况。结果 1964-2011年人体旋毛虫病分布在国内15个省(自治区、直辖市)中的121个市县,各省区发病县在1~52个不等。共发病38 797人,死亡336人,病死率为0.86%。农村患者人数明显高于城市,患者年龄9个月~90岁,男性高于女性。据5 939名9种不同职业的患者人群资料显示,患病以农民居多(78.78%,4 679/5 939),其次为工人(8.15%,484/5 939)、干部(5.01%,298/5 939)、学生(2.53%,150/5 939)、儿童(2.43%,144/5 939)、半农半牧民(1.53%,91/5 939),而商人、职员、居民3种职业的患病人数最低(分别为0.90%,53/5 939;0.52%,31/5 939与0.15%,9/5 939)。一年四季均可发病,以冬春季节为主。潜伏期5 h^46 d,病程3~42 d。生食猪肉为主要发病原因,其次为野猪肉、熊肉、犬肉、羊肉、鼠肉、牛肉。旋毛虫病主要引起患者发热、畏寒、水肿、全身肌肉疼痛尤以腓肠肌为甚,颜面、肢体水肿或全身性水肿,嗜酸性粒细胞增高、心电图异常。在较为典型的患者腓肠肌或吃剩余的动物肌肉中可检获旋毛虫囊包。轻者症状体征不显并可治愈。重者因心、肺、肾、肠腔的严重损害而导致死亡。结论旋毛虫病在我国大陆15个省区、自治区、直辖市均有不同程度的发病,流行特征为点状、散状分布。发病原因与生食与半生食动物肉的不良饮食习惯有关,农民发病人数最多。Objectives To summarize and analyze the data of distribution and harmfulness of trichinellosis in the mainland of China in the past 50 years so as to propose suitable control strategy of Trichinellosis.Methods Case data of human trichinellosis from varieties of medical books,monographs and journals published during February of 1964 to May of 2011 were analyzed to know the situation,risk factors and distribution of trichinellosis in the mainland of China.Results The distribution of human trichinellosis covers 121 counties of 15 provinces（municipalities or autonomous regions）.Among 38,797 cases in the past 48 years,336 persons died in trichinellosis with a mortality of 0.86%.The case numbers in rural areas were higher than those in city.The youngest case was 9 months old and the oldest 90 years old.Male cases were more than female.According to statistical data of 5,939 cases with nine occupations,farmers had the highest morbidity（78.78%,4679/5939）,and followed by workers（8.15%,484/5939）,local officials（5.01%,298/5939）,students（2.53%,150/5939）,children（2.43%,144/5939）,and part-time farmers and herdsmen（1.53%,91/5939）,while three other occupations,merchants,clerks and local residents,had the lower morbidity（0.90%,53/5939;0.52%,31/5939 and 0.15%,9/5939,respectively）.The cases could be found a year around and most in winter and spring seasons.The disease has an incubation period of 5 h to 46d and the course lasts 3 to 42 days.Main reasons causing trichinellosis were eating raw or unwell-cooked boar meat,bear meat and pork.The clinical symptoms in these cases were complicated.Trichinella spiralis cyst could be isolated from the patients＇ gastrocnemius and the left animal muscle they ate.The mild cases do not show any obvious symptoms and recoverable,but the most serious patients might die in this disease.Conclusions Trichinellosis distributed at 15 provinces in the mainland of China.The cases were found at a diffusion pattern.The high attention should be paid to the treatment and health

关 键 词：中国大陆 人体旋毛虫病 分布与危害 

分 类 号：R532.14[医药卫生—内科学]