宁南旱区有机培肥对冬小麦光合特性和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of organic fertilization on winter wheat photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia

作　　者：路文涛[1,2] 贾志宽[1,2] 张鹏[1,2] 蔡太义[1,2] 李儒[1,2] 侯贤清[1,2] 杨保平[1,2] 李永平[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部旱地作物生产与生态重点开放实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]固原市农业科学研究所,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第5期1066-1074,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑课题"农田集雨保水关键技术研究"(2006BAD29B03);"节水共性技术研究"(2007BAD88B10)资助

摘　　要：2007～2010年在宁夏南部半旱区,设置了有机肥的不同施用量(90000、60000、30000 kg/hm2和不施有机肥对照)处理,对土壤贮水量、小麦功能叶片的水分利用效率等影响的定位试验。结果表明,随有机肥施用量由高到低,在试验第4年(2010年)冬小麦播种期0—200 cm土层的土壤贮水量分别较CK提高6.46%、5.06%和2.12%,成熟期提高12.47%、9.38%和3.58%;产量分别较CK提高35.05%、20.77%和11.51%(P<0.01);作物水分利用效率分别较CK提高38.26%、22.61%和11.88%(P<0.01)。施用有机肥有利于提高冬小麦旗叶的相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值),增强冬小麦的光合效率。高、中、低3个有机肥施用量处理的净光合速率和蒸腾速率日均值分别较CK增加5.79、4.68、2.00μmol/(m2.s)和1.50、1.17、0.57 mmol/(m2.s),处理间差异极显著(P<0.01)。说明在宁南半干旱区长期施用有机肥对提高土壤水分的保蓄能力、冬小麦的光合效率、产量和水分利用效率有显著效果。Application of organic fertilizer could improve soil moisture, promote water use efficiency and increase crop yield. We conducted an experiment to study the effects of soil water storage, photosynthetic indexes and water use efficiency of winter wheat under different application rate of organic fertilizer （H 90000 kg/ha, M 60000 kg/ha, L 30000 kg/ha） for four years （2007-2010） in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia. The results showed that compared with CK, after 4 years continuous application of organic fertilizer, following the order of organic fertilizer rate from high to low, soil water storage （depth 0 -200 cm） increased by 6.46% , 5.06% and 2. 12% at the sowing stage and by 12.47%, 9.38% and 3.58% at the maturity stage of winter wheat respectively; grain yield of winter wheat increased by 35.05%, 20.77% and 11.51% （P 〈 0. 01 ） respectively; and the water use efficiency increased 38.26%, 22. 61% and 11.88% （P 〈 0. 01 ） respectively. Application of organic fertilizers not only could significantly increase SPAD value, but also enhance photosynthetic efficiency. The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate for the H,M and L treatments are about 5.79,4.68,2.00 μmol/（m^2·s） and 1.50,1.17,0.57 mmol/（m^2· s） higher than that of the CK （P 〈 0. 01 ）. In conclusion, in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia, the application of organic fertilizer could enhance soil moisture content, promote photosynthetic efficiency,increase crop yield and crop water use efficiency significantly.

关 键 词：宁南旱区 有机培肥 产量 水分利用效率 光合特性 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]