长期不同施肥棕壤玉米地酶活性的时空变化  

Temporal and spatial dynamics of enzyme activities under long-term fertilization in a maize growing brown soil

作　　者：兰宇[1] 韩晓日[1] 杨劲峰[1] 王月[1] 房大伟[1] 李娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,农业部东北土壤与环境重点开放实验室,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第5期1197-1204,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划“旱地固碳增汇及氧化亚氮减排技术研究与示范课题”(2008BAD95B01);中国科学院创新项目“我国农田土壤固碳和温室气体减排研究”(KZCX2-YW-Q1-07)资助

摘　　要：为揭示长期不同施肥对棕壤玉米地酶活性时空变化的影响,利用31年长期肥料定位试验研究了玉米生育期内3种主要土壤酶活性的时空变化及其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明,棕壤上各种酶活性随玉米生育期推进而有规律地变化。土壤脲酶、转化酶活性高峰出现在玉米拔节期,酸性磷酸酶活性高峰出现在玉米大喇叭口期;玉米收获后,土壤转化酶、脲酶均高于播前或与播前相当,而酸性磷酸酶活性则低于播前。在同样化肥水平上增施有机肥能增加脲酶、转化酶活性,而降低酸性磷酸酶活性;3种酶活性的空间分布均遵循随土层深度加深而不断减小的规律,长期培肥对深层土壤酶活性亦有影响。相关分析结果显示,土壤脲酶与转化酶呈极显著正相关(r=0.636**);脲酶、转化酶与土壤有机碳、pH、含水量、碱解氮、速效磷基本呈极显著正相关;酸性磷酸酶与各因子无显著相关关系。土壤酶与土壤肥力因素关系密切,可作为衡量土壤肥力的敏感指标。A long-term fertilizer location experiment （31 years） was carried out to study the temporal and spatial dynamics of enzyme activities under long-term fertilization in a maize growing brown soil. Results showed that enzyme activities changed regularly with the growing of maize. The highest urease and invertase activities were observed at jointing stage, while the highest acid phosphatase activity at the huge bellbottom period. Urease and invertase activities were higher after harvest than before sowing, however acid phosphatase activity was lower after harvest. With same application rate of chemical fertilizer, application of organic fertilizer could increase urease and invertase activities, but decrease acid phosphatase activity. All of the three enzyme activities decreased with the depth soil profile. Long-term fertilization could also affect the enzyme activities at deeper layer of soil. Correlation analysis results indicated that there was a very significant positive correlation between urease and invertase （r = 0. 636 ＊ ＊ ）. A significant correlation was also observed between urease, invertase and soil organic carbon, pH, water content, Alkali-hydro nitrogen, available phosphorus. No significant correlation was found between acid phosphatase activity and these soil fertility factors. Soil enzyme activities closely related with soil fertility status, and could be chosen as sensitive indexes on soil fertility.

关 键 词：棕壤 长期施肥 土壤酶活性 时空变化 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学]