棉(Gossypium hirsutum L．)纤维发育相关酶和纤维比强度对棉铃对位叶氮浓度变化的响应研究  

Effects of nitrogen concentration in subtending leaves of boll on related enzymes and strength formation of cotton fiber

作　　者：高相彬[1] 王友华[1] 陈兵林[1] 薛占奎[1] 周治国[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学,农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第5期1227-1236,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30771219,30971735);高等学校博士点基金项目(20070307052,200803070017)资助

摘　　要：于2008～2009年在长江流域下游棉区,选用纤维比强度差异明显的德夏棉1号(平均比强度26.2 cN/tex)、科棉1号(平均比强度35 cN/tex)和美棉33B(平均比强度32 cN/tex)为试验材料,设置不同施氮量以形成不同的棉铃对位叶氮浓度,研究了棉铃对位叶氮浓度对纤维发育过程中关键酶(蔗糖酶、蔗糖合成酶、磷酸蔗糖合成酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶)活性及纤维比强度形成的影响。结果表明,棉铃对位叶氮浓度随施氮量的增加而上升,随花后天数的变化符合幂函数方程YN=αt-β[YN为棉铃对位叶氮浓度(%);t为花后天数(d);α、β为参数]。在花后同一时期,纤维发育关键酶活性和纤维比强度均随棉铃对位叶氮浓度的上升呈先升后降的趋势,可用抛物线方程Y=ax2+bx+c拟合[Y:酶活性或纤维比强度(cN/tex);x:叶片氮浓度(%);a、b、c为参数]。表明在纤维发育过程中,棉铃对位叶氮浓度显著影响纤维中相关酶活性和纤维比强度的形成,各指标所对应的最佳棉铃对位叶氮浓度差异较小;因此,通过调节对位叶氮浓度可调控相关酶活性达到最优以及棉花高强纤维的形成。在本试验条件下,中部棉纤维发育所需的最佳对位叶氮浓度动态变化方程分别为:NDexiamian1=7.2841t-0.2771(R2=0.9860**);NKemian1=7.1807t-0.2989(R2=0.9879**);NNuCOTN33B=7.1467t-0.2819(R2=0.9755**)。A 2 -year （2008 and 2009） study was conducted to explore the effects of subtending leaf nitrogen concentration on related enzymes （lnvertase, Sucrose synthase, Sucrose phosphate synthase and β-1,3-glucanase） and cotton fiber strength formation in a field of Nanjing（ 118°50＇E, 32°02＇N） in middle lower reaches of Yangtze River Valley in China. Different nitrogen rates were applied to carry out different leaf nitrogen concentrations, and cotton cultivars, Dexiamian 1, Kemian 1 and NuCOTN33B were used as experiment materials. The results show that the nitrogen concentration of subtending leaves is improved with increasing of nitrogen rates, and the changes of leaf nitrogen eoncentration can be described as the equation ： Yu = αt -β [ YN is nitrogen concentration in the subtending leaf of cotton boll（ % ） ; t is days post anthesis （d） ; α andβ are parameters ]. The related enzymes activities and fiber strength can be described as parabolic equations （ Y = ax^2 ＋ bx ＋ c, Y is enzyme activity or fiber strength, x is leaf nitrogen concentration, a, b and e are parameters） with the increasing of the subtending leaf nitrogen concentration. During the development of cotton fiber, the subtending leaf nitrogen concentration has significant effects on related enzymes activities and fiber strength, and there are small differences among optimal leaf nitrogen concentrations of related enzymes and fiber strength. related enzymes activities to best status and to nitrogen concentration to days post anthesis for Therefore, the leaf nitrogen concentration can be used to regulate enhance the fiber strength formation. The equations of optimal leaf Dexiamian 1 ,Kemian 1 and NDexiamianl=7.2841t^-0.2771（R^2=0.9860^＊＊）;Nkemianl=7.1807t^-0.2989（R^2=0.9879^＊＊）;NNuCOTN33B=7.1467t^-0.2819（R^2=0.9755^＊＊）.

关 键 词：棉花 棉铃对位叶 叶氮浓度 酶活性 纤维比强度 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]