不同核桃品种耐寒特性综合评价  

Cold-tolerance of walnut cultivars: A comprehensive evaluation

作　　者：相昆[1] 张美勇[1] 徐颖[1] 王晓芳[1] 岳林旭[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]山东省轻工农副原料研究所,山东高密261500

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2011年第9期2325-2330,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAD92B03);山东省良种工程项目(2008LZ07-02)资助

摘　　要：为加速核桃抗寒育种进程,提高栽培效率,进一步扩大核桃种植区域,以鲁果8号、N13-1、鲁果12号、N17-24、泰勒和香玲6个核桃品种(系)为试验材料,在-15℃、-20℃、-25℃、-30℃和-35℃下,分别测定其组织含水量、质膜相对透性、膜脂过氧化、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质等指标,分析其耐寒能力.结果表明:不同核桃品种(系)枝条的自由水/束缚水比值差异较大.低温处理后枝条的相对电导率和丙二醛含量增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈现"升-降-升-降"的趋势,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先升高后降低;可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量增加,但不同品种(系)之间的变化幅度较大.低温处理后恢复生长,N17-24和鲁果12号的萌芽率显著高于其他品种(系).运用隶属函数法进行抗寒性综合评判,得出6个核桃品种(系)的抗寒顺序为:N17-24>鲁果12号>N13-1>鲁果8号>泰勒>香玲.In order to speed up the cold-tolerance breeding and improve the cultivation efficiency of walnut to further expand its planting area, six walnut cultivars （lines） including Luguo No.8, N13-1, Luguo No.12, N17-24, Taile, and Xiangling were taken as test materials and treated at -15 ℃, -20 ℃, -25 ℃, -30 ℃, and -35 ℃, with their tissue’s water content, membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, protective enzyme activities, and osmotic adjustment substances determined to detect the cold resistance of the cultivars （lines）. There existed greater differences in the ratio of free water to bound water in the branches of the cultivars （lines）. Under low temperature treatment, the branches membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content increased, superoxide dismutase activity presented an ascend-descend-ascend-descend trend, catalase activity decreased after an initial increase, and the soluble protein and proline contents increased, but the variation degrees of these parameters differed with cultivars （lines）. After the recovery from low temperature, N17-24 and Luguo No.12 had a significantly higher germination rate than the other cultivars （lines）. By using fuzzy mathematics method, the cold-resistance of test walnut cultivars （lines） was evaluated as N17-24Luguo No.12N13-1Luguo No.8TaileXiangling.

关 键 词：核桃 组织含水量 膜脂过氧化 保护酶 渗透调节物 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]