低接换头对苹果树体生长及叶片光合特性的影响  

Effects of lower top-grafting on growth and photosynthesis of apple trees

作　　者：张黎[1] 李丙智[1] 张永旺[1] 张林森[1] 韩明玉[1] 李雪薇[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《果树学报》2011年第5期745-749,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：农业行业计划项目(nyhyzx07-024);现代农业产业(苹果)技术体系项目(MATS)

摘　　要：对果园郁闭、腐烂病严重的苹果树体进行低接换头是果园改造和品种更新的新技术。以1995年定植2006年低接换头的苹果树为试验对象,调查了树体生长和叶片光合特性。结果表明,矮砧苹果低接换头的红富士、嘎拉树,低接后前3 a生长速度较高接换头慢;4~5 a生长速度加快,赶上甚至超过高接换头苹果树。低接换头第5年,树高2.8～3.3 m,中心干侧生分枝数量40～57个,且侧生分枝主要集中在3 a生和4 a生的中心干段上。其中嘎拉的总枝量最高为651个,红富士563个。红富士低接后第5年每hm2产量达到25 080 kg,腐烂病发病率在5%以下;嘎拉第5年每hm2产量21 089 kg,腐烂病发病率5.5%。低接红富士叶片净光合速率高于高接红富士;低接嘎拉的净光合速率与高接嘎拉相近。研究认为：果园低接换头可有效预防腐烂病的发生,4 a后树体生长状况赶上甚至超过传统的高接换头。这为郁闭果园改造提供了一条新技术。Lower top-grafting is a new technique to renovate and update the severe rot damaged apple trees.This study provides a theoretical basis for the use of lower top-grafting.In the experiment,two varieties which were planted in 1995 and top-grafted in 2006 were used to study the growth and photosynthesis characteristics.The result showed that the growing speed of the lower top-grafted Red Fuji and Gala is slower than the normal top grafted ones in the first three year,but faster in the following years.In the fifth year after lower top-grafting,the height of the lower top-grafted trees is 2.8 to 3.3 m,the number of the branches on the central leader is 40 to 57,and mostly concentrated on the part of central leader of 3 to 4 years old.Gala has the highest amount of branches of 651,followed by Red Fuji of 563.In the fifth year after lower top-grafting,the yield of Red Fuji is 25 080 kg per hm2.Rot disease incidence is lower by 5%.The yield of Gala is 21 089 kg per hm2.Rot disease incidence is lower by 5.5%.The net photosynthetic rate of the lower top-grafted Red Fuji is higher than the normal top grafted ones.The net photosynthetic rate of the lower top-grafted Gala is similar to the normal top grafted ones.It may be concluded that lower top-grafting is effective in preventing the rot incidence.After four years,the tree growth is even better than the traditional top grafted trees.Lower top-grafting has provided a new technology for the reform of closed orchard.

关 键 词：苹果 低接换头 树体生长 光合特性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]