美国和我国新疆葡萄资源抗主要真菌病害的田间自然鉴定  

Field natural identification of resistance of grape resources from USA and Xinjiang of China to primary fungi diseases

作　　者：吴行昶[1] 刘楠[1] 张剑侠[1] 王跃进[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,农业部西北园艺植物种质资源利用重点开放实验室,陕西省农业分子生物学实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《果树学报》2011年第5期849-856,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金(nycytx-30-zp-06);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(200903044)

摘　　要：2009—2010年采用田间自然鉴定的方法,研究了引进美国59份、我国新疆30份共89份葡萄资源在陕西杨凌地区的抗霜霉病、黑痘病和白粉病表现。结果表明,56个欧亚种品种对3种病害的抗性存在有差异,Exotic、Calmeria、Kishmish Hishrau、Canner、艾麦那和杨格尔等6个品种表现抗霜霉病,其余品种感霜霉病,其中Red Globe、Muscat Hamburg、京大晶、京早晶和京可晶达到高感程度;Italia、Exotic、Kishmish Hishrau、Long Emperor、Canner、Seed-less Tokey和桑多哈尼等7个品种表现抗黑痘病,其余品种感黑痘病,其中马奶子和无核白达到高感程度;Exotic、Calmeria、Kishmish Hishrau、Ruby Seedless、桑多哈尼、索索葡萄、艾麦那、长穗无核白和康耐诺等9个品种表现抗白粉病,其余品种感白粉病,其中Red Globe、Black Rose、Muscat Hamburg、大白葡萄、大粒红无核和京早晶达到高感程度。起源于美洲的野生葡萄11种或变种14个株系对3种病害均抗病或高抗,因此是重要的抗病基因资源。拥有美洲葡萄血缘的杂种对3种病害具有较强的抗性,在19个杂种中,除Harmony和Freedom对黑痘病表现为感病但抗霜霉病和白粉病外,其余杂种对3种病害均表现抗病或高抗,适合于病情严重的地区栽培。By field natural identification,the resistance of 89 grape resources including 59 accessions introduced from USA and 30 cultivars introduced from Xinjiang of China to downy mildew（Plasmopara viticola）,anthracnose（Sphaceloum ampelinum） and powdery mildew（Uncinla necator） was studied in Yangling,Shaanxi province in 2009 and 2010.The results showed that the resistance to the three kinds of fungous disease is different among 56 cultivars of V.vinifera.Six cultivars including Exotic,Calmeria,Kishmish Hishrau,Canner,Aimaina and Youngle were resistant to downy mildew,but others were susceptibility,especially Red Globe,Muscat Hamburg,Jingdajing,Jingkejing and Jingzaojing were high susceptible.Seven cultivars including Italia,Exotic,Kishmish Hishrau,Long Emperor,Canner,Seedless Tokey and Sangduohani were resistant while others were susceptible to anthracnose.The cultivars Thompson Seedless and Manaizi were high anthracnose-susceptibility.Nine cultivars including Exotic,Calmeria,Kishmish Hishrau,Ruby Seedless,Sangduohani,Black Corinth,Aimaina,Longbunch Sultanine and Cannero presented powdery mildew-resistance while others presented susceptibility in which Red Globe,Black Rose,Muscat Hamburg,Dabai grape,Dalihong Seedless and Jingzaojing reached high susceptibility.Fourteen accessions of 11 grape species or subspecies native to America wre all resistant or high resistant to the three kinds of fungous disease.Therefore,American wild grape is a important gene resource for disease-resistance breeding in grapevine.The hybrids derived from V.labrusca have a higher resistance to the three kinds of fungous disease.Nighteen cultivars,exclusive of Harmony and Freedom presented resistance to downy mildew and powdery mildew but susceptibility to anthracnose.Others presented resistance or high resistance to downy mildew,anthracnose and powdery mildew.

关 键 词：葡萄 资源 霜霉病 黑痘病 白粉病 抗病性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]