中国三大城市带城市化气候效应的检测与对比  

Detection and comparison of effect of urbanization on climate in three mega city agglomerations of China

作　　者：聂安祺[1] 陈星[1,2] 冯志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学学院,南京210093 [2]南京大学气候与全球变化研究院,南京210093

出　　处：《气象科学》2011年第4期372-383,共12页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(2010CB428506)

摘　　要：利用国家基本、基准站1951—2009的逐日气候数据和1986—2008的城市人口资料,建立了一种新的城市化指标,分析了京津冀城市带、长江三角洲城市带和珠江三角洲城市带中典型城市及区域整体的城市化特征,对三个城市群区的城市气候特征和气候效应进行了比较。结果表明:城市化使典型城市的平均气温和最低气温显著升高,城市化气候效应特征可以分为"冷季型"、"暖季型"和"过渡季节型"三种类型。长三角地区的城市化气候效应最强,京津冀次之,珠三角最弱。长三角地区与京津冀地区城市化气候效应的共同点为平均气温和夜间气温升高,春、秋两季增温显著;不同点是长三角夏季强于冬季,最高气温明显升高,京津冀冬季强于夏季,最高气温无明显变化。城市化对降水的影响在三个城市群区有着不同的特点,主要体现在极端强降水事件上。Based on daily climate data from national base climatological stations for the period of 1951—2009 and urban population data for the period of 1986—2008,a new urbanization index was established,climatic effect of urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the Yangtze River Delta region,the Pearl River Delta region and typical cities of three mega city agglomerations was analyzed,and the characteristics of urbanization effect among three regions were compared.The results indicate that daily mean and minimum temperatures increased remarkably under the influence of rapid urban progress.According to seasonal variation of urbanization effect,typical cities can be classified into three groups.In the first group,warming is most obvious in cold seasons;for the second group,the intensity of warming is the strongest in hot seasons;the last group experiences most evident warming in transition seasons.The overall effect on climate was strongest in the Yangtze River Delta,and weakest in the Pearl River Delta.In both Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River Delta,daily mean and minimum temperatures were significantly increasing,with obvious warming in spring and autumn.The difference between two regions were in two aspects： urbanization effect was stronger in summer than in winter for the Yangtze River Delta,while it＇s opposite for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region;warming rate of daily maximum temperature was positive in the Yangtze River Delta,but it was nearly zero in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Urbanization effect on precipitation varied among three regions,mainly influencing precipitation extremes.

关 键 词：城市化 气候效应 城市化因子 EOF分析 

分 类 号：P461.8[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]