郑州市女童青春期性征发育流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological investigation of puberty development among school-aged girls in Zhengzhou

作　　者：王珍[1] 娄晓民[1] 王文科[2] 宋长安 陶芳标[3] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,河南450001 [2]郑州市中小学生卫生保健站 [3]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2011年第8期963-965,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划"863计划"项目(2006AA02Z427)

摘　　要：目的了解郑州市7～18岁女童青春期性发育状况,为界定我国儿童少年青春期性发育状态提供依据。方法结合2010年河南省学生体质健康调研结果,以郑州地区的调研点校为目标抽样点校,抽取9个城乡中小学校7～18岁女生每个年龄组110人,检查第二性征发育状况并询问月经初潮情况,运用概率单位回归法计算青春期重要发动事件平均年龄(中位年龄)及各主要百分位年龄。结果郑州市城市女生月经初潮平均年龄为12.09岁,乡村女生月经初潮平均年龄为12.23岁,初潮最小年龄为10岁;乳房发育Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ期的平均年龄分别为10.64,13.63,15.07和15.58岁,发育最早年龄为7岁;阴毛发育Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ期的平均年龄分别为13.44,14.80,15.42和15.95岁,发育最早年龄为9岁;腋毛发育Ⅱ,Ⅲ期的平均年龄为14.58,15.92岁,发育最早年龄为9岁。结论乳房最早开始发育,1.5 a以后半数出现月经初潮,然后阴毛、腋毛开始发育;第二性征发育和月经初潮年龄存在城乡差异。Objective To understand the update pubertal development in school aged children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Zhengzhou, and to provide reference for defining the status of sexual development in Chinese children. Methods Combined with the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance in Henan province in 2010, using the research school for objective school in Zhengzhou, the girls aged 7-18 from 9 schools living in urban or rural areas were surveyed, each age group 110 people. The secondary sexual characteristics development was inspected and age at mcnarche was asked. Use probability unit regression method to calculate the mean age and a major percentage age of the important events during puberty. Results The mean age of menarche was at 12.09 years in urban girls, 12.23 years in rural girls. The minimum age was at 10 years. Mean age of Breast Stage Ⅱdevelopment was attained at 10.64 years, Stage Ⅲ at 13.63 years, Stage IVat 15.07 years and Stage V at 15.58 years. The earliest age was at7 years. Mean age of pubic hair StageⅡ to V respectively was attained at 13.44 years, 14.80 years, 15.42 years and 15.95 years. The earliest age was at 9 years. Mean age of axillary hair stage Ⅱand stage Ⅲ development respectively was attained at 14.58 years and 15.92 years. The earliest age was at 9 years. Conclusion Breast development is the beginning, menarche appears at one and a half years later, then pubic hair and axillary hair start development. Secondary sexual characteristics development and age at menarche are different in urban and rural girls.

关 键 词：性征 生长和发育 青春期 学生 女(雌)性 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学] R339.35[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]