北京市智力残疾青少年体成分特点分析  

Body composition analysis of children and adolescents with mental disabilities in Beijing

作　　者：戴昕[1] 何玲[1] 刘曈[2] 王建 梁晶[4] 

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院解剖生物力学教研室,北京100088 [2]北京联合大学特殊教育学院 [3]北京市安华学校 [4]北京市海淀培智学校

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2011年第8期966-968,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：“北京市属高等学校人才强教计划资助项目”PHR(IHLB)

摘　　要：目的了解智力残疾青少年身体发育特点和规律,为提高智力残疾青少年的生存质量提供依据。方法从北京市3所培智学校抽取轻、中度智障在校生170名为对象,年龄10～21岁,采用生物电阻抗法测试各项身体成分指标,并测量身高、体重等形态指标及肱三头肌、肩胛下角和腹部皮褶厚度。结果智力残疾男生去脂体重、总水分、蛋白质、肌肉量、基础代谢率在14～17岁年龄段达到峰值,18岁后呈减少趋势;女生各项指标则呈现随年龄增长而增加的趋势,在18～21岁达到峰值。同年龄段中,女生体脂百分比显著高于男生,男生去脂体重、总水分、蛋白质、肌肉量、基础代谢率及腰臀比显著高于女生(P值均<0.05)。男生的肥胖检出率显著高于女生,体成分发育存在明显的性别差异。正常、超重、肥胖组智力残疾青少年体成分的组间差异显著,体脂百分比、身体脂肪量、非脂肪性身体成分均呈递增趋势。结论智力残疾青少年肥胖检出率显著高于普通青少年,且主要集中在青春发育前期及青春发育期。Objective To explore development characters of body composition in various age and gender mental retarded youth and to provide scientific basis on body＇s growth and development trend of mental disabilities. Methods Use bioelectrical impedance analysis （ BIA} to test indicators of body composition, including body fat percentage, body fat, lean body mass, total water, muscles, protein, minerals, basic metabolic rate （ BMR ） , waist-to-hip ratio{ WHR} , BMI, and their height, weight, triceps brachii skin fold, subscapular skin fold and abdomen skin fold were meaured as well. Results Lean body mass, total water, muscles protein and BMR in mental retarded boys reach the maximum at 14-17 years old amt then reduced. All these factors in girls increased with ages and reached the maximum at 18-21years old. In the same age gToup, the girl＂ s body tat percent- age was significantly higher than boys. Boys＂ lean body mass, total water, muscles, protein, BMR and WHR were significantly higher than girls（ P 〈0.05 ） Conclusion Significant gender differences of body composition are found in mental retarded children and adolescents. The prevalence of obesity in boys with mental disabilities is significantly higher than in girls.

关 键 词：智力 残疾儿童 身体成分 对比研究 学生 

分 类 号：R339.35[医药卫生—人体生理学] R491.32[医药卫生—基础医学]