不同土地利用方式土壤表层氮、磷流失特征研究  

CHARACTERISTICS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS LOSS FROM SURFACE SOIL IN DIFFERENT LANDUSE

作　　者：袁兴程[1] 钱新[1] 庞宗强[2] 李苗[2] 

机构地区：[1]污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京大学环境学院,南京210093 [2]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,徐州221008

出　　处：《环境化学》2011年第9期1657-1662,共6页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：十一五国家科技重大专项(2008ZX07101-004-2);江苏省环保科研课题(2008011)资助

摘　　要：利用室内人工模拟降雨,选择徐州沛沿河流域3种典型土地利用类型,研究了不同土地利用下土壤表层N、P随降雨径流的迁移过程.研究结果表明,在相同降雨条件下,3种土地产流量大小顺序为稻田地>林地>果园,产泥沙量大小顺序为果园>稻田地>林地.降雨径流水相中TN、TP浓度呈现随降雨时间的持续显著下降,然后逐渐稳定的趋势,氮磷的流失量大小与土壤有效氮和速效磷含量高低具有一致性.径流水相中氮、磷流失以悬浮颗粒态为主.整个降雨过程氮素流失以径流水相为主,而磷素流失以泥沙相为主.土壤表层氮和磷流失速率最大的是稻田地,分别为1.12 mg.m-2.min-1和0.42 mg.m-2.min-1.Three typical types of land in the northern area of Jiangsu Province were used to study nitrogen and phosphorus loss in artificial rain-runoff simulator.The results showed that the amount of runoff followed the order： paddy fieldwoodland orchard under 80 mm·h-1 rainfall condition,and amount of sediment followed the order： orchard paddy fieldwoodland.Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in runoff initially decreased significantly with rainfall,then stabilized.The nitrogen and phosphorus loss correlates with the level of available nitrogen and Olsen-P content in soil.The main form of nitrogen and phosphorus loss was suspended particulate in runoff water.Nitrogen loss occured mainly in runoff water and phosphorus loss in sediment in the whole rainfall process.The maximum rate of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from surface soil occured in paddy field,which were 1.12 mg·m-2·min-1 and 0.42 mg·m-2·min-1,respectively.

关 键 词：不同土地利用 氮磷流失 模拟降雨 地表径流 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]