宇宙演化与热寂说  

The evolution of the universe and the issue of heat death

作　　者：俞允强[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《物理》2011年第9期561-565,共5页Physics

摘　　要：在已成熟的宇宙演化理论的基础上,文章作者重新讨论了Clausius提出的热寂问题.宇宙演化指其组分和宏观面貌的变化.主要是微观结团和宏观结团.从物理原理上讲,这些结团过程是力学的,而不是热力学的.力学过程一定程度上破坏了原有的热平衡,热力学则倾向于恢复热平衡.所有已知的物理规律,包括热力学在内,都在宇宙演化中起着它应起的作用.作为后果,宇宙的熵在演化中一直是增加的.克劳修斯把热力学第二定律用于宇宙是正确的.可是他认为宇宙的熵会极大化并不正确.这是因为在演化过程中会出现组分粒子的退耦.The issue of heat death is reanalysed on the basis of the standard model of cosmology.The evolution of the universe consists of both microscopic and macroscopic clustering processes.From the point of view of physics,these clustering processes are mainly dynamical rather than thermodynamical.The dynamical process may destroy the thermodynamical equilibrium,while thermodynamics tends to retrieve the equilibrium.All the well known laws of physics play their roles during evolution.As a result,the entropy of the universe is always increasing.In this sense Clausius is right.But the heat death of the universe,as predicted by Clausius,will not be reached,since some component particles will be decoupled during the evolution.

关 键 词：宇宙演化 热寂说 

分 类 号：P159[天文地球—天文学]