保留中间库存的延迟制造优化策略  

Optimal postponement strategy with intermediate inventory

作　　者：谢滨[1] 江山[2] 王舒婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学经济管理学院 [2]亚利桑那大学管理信息系统系

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第8期1139-1144,共6页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70371001;70621061)

摘　　要：延迟化制造是推迟中间产品向最终产品转化的时间点,来应对需求不确定性,并减少供应链成本的方法。Cr5Mo合金钢管是石化炼油厂关键部位的材料,其品种规格多、批量小,难以保证供货。中国石油化工集团公司在该文第一作者影响下,应用延迟化制造方法,保留中间产品——钢锭的库存,可有效地应对最终产品——钢管需求的不确定性。该文在此应用背景下,研究了中间产品向最终产品转化的决策中保留部分中间产品不参与最终产品生产的情形,利用动态规划方法寻找到了中间产品与最终产品库存的最优分配策略。在此基础上,应用Matlab进行了数据实验,研究影响该策略的因素。结果表明:当最终产品的单位存货成本与缺货成本较高、中间产品的单位存货成本较低时,保留更多的中间产品库存可以降低供应链总成本。Postponement is a strategy that delays the time point of product differentiation in manufacturing process to overcome demand uncertainty and reduce the total cost of supply chain. CrSMo steel pipes are key components in petrochemical refinery plants, the demand of which is difficult to meet due to high varieties and low volumes. Influenced by the first author of this paper, Sinopec Group used postponement to keep intermediate inventory, ingots, to effectively meet the uncertain demand of the final prodoct, pipes. Based on this case, previous models were extended by relaxing the assumption that intermediate products he used up in the differentiation stage, with a state dependent base stock policy proving to he optimal. Experiments using Matlah showed that retaining a certain level of intermediate product inventory can reduce the total cost of the supply chain, if with high holding cost and shortage cost of the final products and with low holding cost of the intermediate products.

关 键 词：延迟化制造 随机库存模型 目标库存策略 中间库存 

分 类 号：O227[理学—运筹学与控制论] F273[理学—数学]