成年男性股四头肌肌构筑、神经入肌点和肌梭研究  

Nerve entering point,muscle architecture and spindle in quadriceps femoris of adult males

作　　者：张洪武[1] 薛黔[2] 杨宇平[3] 

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院珠海校区解剖学教研室,广东珠海519041 [2]遵义医学院解剖学教研室,贵州遵义563003 [3]中山大学医学部办公室,广州510080

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2011年第18期1970-1973,共4页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：教育部科学技术研究重点项目(02136);遵义医学院硕士科研基金(F222)~~

摘　　要：目的研究成年男性股四头肌肌构筑特征和肌梭分布,测定神经入肌点。方法用大体解剖法解剖并观察测量20具成人男性尸体股四头肌的肌构筑学特征,组织学HE染色法研究5具成人男性尸体股四头肌肌梭分布。结果股直肌、股内侧肌、股外侧肌和股中间肌肌质量分别为(158.7±10.5)、(351.5±66.8)、(521.9±72.6)、(303.1±44.5)g;肌长分别为(30.2±2.0)、(31.5±2.7)、(31.0±3.2)、(28.8±2.8)cm;肌纤维长分别为(6.7±1.8)、(9.2±2.0)、(8.8±1.6)、(9.0±1.5)cm;羽状角分别为(17.1±2.3)°、(18.6±2.3)°、(15.5±2.8)°和(10.5±1.6)°;生理横切面积分别为(22.4±3.1)、(34.6±4.3)、(53.8±5.8)、(32.5±4.6)cm2;平均肌梭密度分别为19.38、21.93、20.18、18.64个/g。神经入肌点:股直肌有2个神经入肌点,分别距髂前上棘(10.23±0.97)cm和(14.48±1.12)cm;股内侧肌的神经入肌点为(9.85±1.28)cm;股外侧肌有2个入肌点,分别为(11.88±1.34)cm和(13.98±2.55)cm;股中间肌的神经入肌点为(9.23±1.65)cm。结论股四头肌的四块肌均属于羽肌并且其神经入肌点均集中在股前上部第2区内;股四头肌肌构筑学特点和各不同肌块之间以及同一肌各部之间肌梭密度不等反映了其在肌体中的功能的差异。Objective To provide the morphologic data for clinical transplantation of quadriceps femoris（QF） by studying the characteristics of its architecture and the distribution of its spindles in adult males.Methods Architectural characteristics of QF from 20 human adult male cadavers were observed at gross-anatomy.Distribution of QF spindles in 5 human adult male cadavers was studied with HE staining.Results The average muscle mass of rectus femoris,vastus medialis,vastus lateralis,and vastus intermedius was 158.7±10.5 g,351.5±66.8 g,521.9±72.6 g,and 303.1±44.5 g,respectively.Their length was 30.2±2.0 cm,31.5±2.7 cm,31.0±3.2 cm,and 28.8±2.8 cm,respectively.Their fiber length was 6.7±1.8 cm,9.2±2.0 cm,8.8±1.6 cm,and 9.0±1.5 cm,respectively.Their pinnate angle was 17.1±2.3°,18.6±2.3°,15.5±2.8°,and 10.5±1.6°,respectively.Their cross sectional area was 22.4±3.1 cm2,34.6±4.3 cm2,53.8±5.8 cm2,and 32.5±4.6 cm2,respectively.Their average muscle spindle density was 19.38/g,21.93 /g,20.18/g,and 18.64/g,respectively.The 2 nerve entering points were located at 10.23±0.97 cm and 14.48±1.12 cm in rectus femoris below the anterior superior iliac spine,at 9.85±1.28 cm in vastus medialis,at 11.88±1.34 cm and 13.98±2.55 cm in vastus lateralis,and at 9.23±1.65 cm in vastus intermedius,respectively.Conclusion The 4 muscles of QF belong to the penniform muscle and their nerve entering points in QF are centralized in the second region of the front upper part of thigh.The architecture characteristics of QF and the diversity of spindle densities in different muscles and compartments of the same muscle are closely related with their function.

关 键 词：神经入肌点 肌构筑 肌梭 股四头肌 人 

分 类 号：R322.74[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] R323.72[医药卫生—基础医学]