从“进口替代”到“出口导向”:拉美国家工业化模式的转型  

Industrialization Models in Latin America and the Caribbean: Transition from Import Substitution to Export Orientation

作　　者：苏振兴[1] 张勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院学部 [2]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2011年第4期3-13,79,共11页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要："去工业化"现象是导致拉美国家20多年经济滑坡最直接的原因,而"去工业化"现象的深层背景则源于工业化模式转型的历史性延误。从"进口替代"到"出口导向",拉美国家虽然经历了艰难曲折,但最终能够实现这一转型也为在新的国际环境下重振工业化奠定了必要的基础。从当前的情况看,由于国际市场对资源类产品的需求持续旺盛,对外开放的进程不断深化,拉美国家所实行的发挥非熟练劳动力和自然资源等静态比较优势的"生产专门化"模式对拉动经济增长产生了积极的作用。但是,拉美国家也面临现有产业国际竞争相对较弱,产品出口受外部市场波动的影响较大,高新技术产业发展滞后,工业部门创造就业的能力不强,工业技术设备对外依赖的程度有所加深。因此,如何克服这些弱点,使现有工业化模式不断走向完备与成熟,仍是拉美国家面临的一大挑战,进而产业政策的回归也成为客观要求。The economic decline in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1980s and 1990s is directly linked to the 'deindustrialization' phenomenon resulted by the historical delay in the transition of industrialization models.During the period regional countries underwent the transition from the import substitution industrialization to the export-oriented one.Thanks to the sustained demand for primary commodity in the international market and the deepening of the opening-up process in the region,production specialization patterns in regional economies are playing a significant role promoting economic growth.Despite of the achievement,regional economies are still faced with challenges such as relatively low industrial competitiveness,weak resistance of their export industries to external market fluctuation,backwardness of high-tech industries,failure to create sufficient job opportunities by the industrial sector and increasing external dependence of technique and equipment.Therefore it is a pressing need for them to improve the industrialization model by overcoming above-mentioned challenges.Accordingly the return of industrial policy is necessary and expected.

关 键 词：进口替代 出口导向 拉美国家 工业化模式 

分 类 号：F12[经济管理—世界经济]