玉米籽粒赖氨酸含量的遗传及其与产量的关系分析  

Inheritance Analysis of Lysine Content in Maize Kernel and Its Relationship with Grain Yield

作　　者：汤继华[1] 季洪强[1] 刘义宝[1] 张君[1] 谭晓军[1] 胡彦民[1] 刘宗华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第9期1585-1591,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30871537);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2009AA10AA03);河南省重大公益项目资助

摘　　要：用5个不同基础群体的15个自选系作母本,5个不同优势群的测验系作父本,采用NCII交配设计配成75个杂交组合,经1年2点田间试验,用近红外光谱仪测定了亲本及其杂交种F1和F2籽粒的赖氨酸含量,并用三倍体种子胚乳-细胞质-母体效应模型对赖氨酸含量进行遗传分析。结果表明,玉米籽粒赖氨酸含量除受种子、母体效应和细胞质3套遗传体系共同控制之外,还不同程度受环境因素的影响,遗传主效应方差VG(VG=VA+VD+VC+VAm+VDm)占总遗传方差(VG+VGE)的76.3%,其中,种子效应方差(VA+VD)、细胞质效应方差(VC)和母体效应方差(VAm+VDm)分别占24.6%、19.7%和55.7%;赖氨酸含量以母体遗传力为主(h2m=40.98%),其次为种子遗传力(h2o=17.86%),而细胞质遗传力较低(h2c=14.29%)。同时发现籽粒赖氨酸含量与产量之间不存在明显相关(r=-0.027)。因此,在高赖氨酸育种中,必须重视高值亲本尤其是母本的选择以及不同优势类群间的广泛组配,从变异广泛的基础材料中对赖氨酸含量和籽粒产量同时进行选择和改良是可能的。Fifteen inbred lines selected from five basic populations of maize（Zea mays L.） were crossed with five elite inbred lines derived from different heterotic groups according to NCII design,and the 75 combinations were evaluated in two environments in 2009.The lysine contents in kernels of parents as well as their hybrids F1 and F2 populations was analyzed using the Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy（NIRS） method.Statistical analysis of lysine contents was conducted based on the model of triploid seed endosperm,cytoplasm and maternal effect.The results showed that lysine content in kernels was controlled not only by three sets of genetic system,namely seeds,maternal effects and cytoplasm effects,but also affected by environmental factors.The genetic variance of VG（VG=VA＋VD＋VC＋VAm＋VDm） accounted for 76.3% of total genetic variance（VG＋VGE）,of the total genetic variance VG,variances of seed effect（VA＋VD）,cytoplasm effect（VC）,and maternal effect（VAm＋VDm） accounted for 24.6%,19.7%,and 55.7%,respectively.The maternal heritability（hm^2=40.98%） of lysine content was the highest,followed by seed heritability（ho^2=17.86%）,and the cytoplasm heritability（hc^2=14.29%） was relatively lower.No significant correlation was found between the lysine contents in kernel and kernel yield（r =-0.0269）.Therefore,much attention should be paid to selecting high-value parental lines,especially female lines,in lysine content and to making diversified crosses among lines from different maize heterotic groups in high-lysine breeding.Based on the results from this study,it seems to be possible to improve lysine content and kernel yield simultaneously from breeding materials with extensive variances.

关 键 词：玉米 赖氨酸 遗传效应 环境 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]