基于控制授粉技术的玉米籽粒生育特性与建成机制  

Mechanism of Maize Kernel Setting and Characteristics of Kernel Growth and Development under Controlled Pollination

作　　者：冯汉宇[1] 王志敏[1] 孔凡娜[1] 张敏洁[1] 周顺利[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部农作制度重点开放实验室/中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第9期1605-1615,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-003;200903007)资助

摘　　要：为探明玉米果穗不同部位籽粒生育特性及其相互之间的关系,通过中下部不授粉、整行不授粉和中上部先授粉3种控制授粉方式,研究了3个玉米品种受精子房生育特性及其与结实率之间的关系。结果表明,控制授粉后,玉米顶部籽粒的干重和体积提高,生长发育正常,但穗粒数与穗粒重下降。底部和中部花丝不授粉的顶部籽粒,其干重与统一完全授粉和自然授粉处理的中、底部籽粒差异不大,但同穗籽粒以顶部籽粒的干重、体积为小。整行不授粉和中上部先授粉处理提高了授粉花丝的结实率,整行不授粉处理的结实率与籽粒干重、体积呈极显著正相关,中上部先授粉处理的结实率与籽粒干重、体积则呈显著负相关关系。说明玉米果穗顶部籽粒是可以正常发育的,其粒重也是可以调节的,不足的物质供应可能是顶部籽粒不能正常发育和粒重低的根本原因,增源扩库是提高穗粒重的有效措施。In order to clarify the characteristics of kernel growth and development within different maize ear regions and their relationships,the changes of kernel weight and kernel volume of fertilized ovaries,and their relationships with kernel setting rate of three maize cultivars were studied by three types of controlling pollination,including no-pollination within middle or basal region of ear（type I）,no-pollination of whole row filaments of ear（type II） and preferred pollination of apical-middle filaments of ear（type III）.The results showed that the weight and volume of apical kernel were improved and developed normally,but the ear kernel number and ear kernel weight decreased by applying the controlling pollination.For the apical kernel of type I,there were no significant differences in weight and volume compared with the middle or basal kernel of the treatment of complete pollination at the same time and the treatment of natural pollination,but the weight and volume of the apical kernel was the smallest in a maize ear.The kernel setting rates were improved in type II and type III.Correlation analysis showed that kernel dry weight and volume were significantly positively correlated with kernel setting rate（P〈0.01） in type II but significantly negatively（P〈0.05） in type III.These data indicate that the apical kernel of maize ear can develop normally and its kernel weight also can be regulated,the shortage of nutrient supply might be the fundamental reason of the abortion and lower weight of apical kernels,and it is an effective practice to improve ear kernel weight by enlarging the source and sink.

关 键 词：玉米 控制授粉 籽粒败育 粒重 结实率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]