不同种植方式对超级稻籽粒灌浆特性的影响  

Influence of Planting Methods on Grain-filling Properties of Super Rice

作　　者：李杰[1] 张洪程[1] 龚金龙[1] 常勇[1] 戴其根[1] 霍中洋[1] 许轲[1] 魏海燕[1] 高辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第9期1631-1641,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A03);农业部超级稻专项(超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成);江苏省科技支撑计划重大项目(BE2008355;BE2009425)资助

摘　　要：为探明不同种植方式下高产水稻的籽粒灌浆特性,以超级稻品种淮稻9号和III优98为材料,应用Richards方程W=A/(1+Be-Kt)1/N对旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种种植方式水稻强、弱势粒的灌浆过程进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)不同种植方式下,超级稻产量差异极显著,手栽最高,机插次之,直播最低。与手栽和机插相比,直播的千粒重和结实率显著降低,而手栽和机插之间千粒重和结实率的变化因品种类型而异。(2)不同种植方式下超级稻强、弱势粒灌浆特征为明显的异步灌浆型。强势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间(Tmax)早,最大灌浆速率(GRmax)、平均灌浆速率(GRmean)以及终极生长量(A)和起始生长势(R0)均明显大于弱势粒,而活跃灌浆期(D)和有效灌浆时间(T99)明显小于弱势粒。(3)与手栽和机插相比,直播强势粒的GRmax和GRmean显著降低,Tmax明显延迟,D、T99显著增加。弱势粒的GRmax和GRmean机插最大,手栽略小于直播,Tmax直播最早,机插次之,手栽最迟,D、T99手栽、机插、直播依次减少。(4)籽粒灌浆阶段特征方面,平均灌浆速率和贡献率均以中期最大,中期的贡献率强势粒和弱势粒分别达到60.53%和50.78%,不同种植方式间前、中、后各期在灌浆持续天数、平均灌浆速率和贡献率上的差异因粒位不同而异。(5)千粒重与强、弱势粒的GRmax、GRmean和D呈正相关,且与弱势粒的灌浆速率(GRmax和GRmean)显著相关,结实率与强、弱势粒的灌浆参数除强势粒的D外,均不显著相关。说明不同种植方式对超级稻的籽粒灌浆特性有明显影响,虽均为异步灌浆型,但其强、弱势粒的最大灌浆速率及到达最大灌浆速率的时间等灌浆特征参数均差异较大,在保持籽粒最终生长量和结实率稳定的条件下,提高籽粒的灌浆速率,特别是弱势粒的灌浆速率,对提高千粒重有重要的作用。To explore grain-filling properties of high-yielding rice under different planting methods,we studied the grain-filling processes of superior and inferior grains of two super rice cultivars（Huaidao 9 and Ⅲ you 98） with Richards equation W=A/（1＋Be-Kt）^1/N and three planting methods,i.e.precision artificial transplanting with dry nursery middle and strong seedlings（ATR）,mechanical transplanting with small seedlings（MTR） and direct seeding（DSR）.The results were as follows：（1） The super rice yields under different planting methods were significantly different,ATR was the highest,followed by the MTR,and the lowest was the DSR.Compared with ATR and MTR,the 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate of DSR were significantly lower,but the changes between ATR and MTR were different due to different types of cultivar.（2） The grain-filling processes of superior and inferior grains of super rice under different planting methods were obviously asynchronous type.The time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate（Tmax） of superior grains was early,maximum grain-filling rate（GRmax）,mean grain-filling rate（GRmean）,the final weight of a kernel（A） and initial grain-filling potential（R0） were significantly greater than those of inferior grains.However,the active grain-filling period（D） and effective grain-filling time（T99） of the superior grains were significantly less than those of inferior grains.（3） Compared with ATR and MTR,the GRmax and GRmean of superior grains of DSR were significantly lower,Tmax was obviously delayed,D and T99 significantly increased.The GRmax and GRmean of inferior grains of MTR were the highest,and ATR was slightly lower than DSR.For Tmax,DSR was the earliest,MTR was the second,and the latest was ATR.D and T99 reduced in order for ATR,MTR,and DSR.（4） For grain-filling characteristics of different stages,the maximum of mean grain-filling rate and contribution rate was present at the middle stage,and the contribution rates of superior and infe

关 键 词：超级稻 种植方式 灌浆特性 强势粒 弱势粒 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]