高海拔地区旱地春小麦光合日变化特征  

Characteristics of diurnal variation about photosynthetic physiology of spring wheat in dryland at high altitude locality

作　　者：马兴祥[1,2] 王润元[1] 杨永龙[1,2] 姚涛峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾开放实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省武威农业气象试验站,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第4期36-41,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：科技部公益研究项目"西北地区旱作农业对气候变暖的响应特征及其预警和应对技术研究"(GYHY200806021-01)

摘　　要：测定小麦旗叶光合特性,比较乌鞘岭地区分期播种陇春8号小麦的光合生理日变化特征。结果表明:净光合速率、水分利用效率随播种期推后有增大趋势。在日变化过程中,上午蒸腾消耗少,水分利用效率高,光合能力比下午强,且有光合"午休"现象。不同播期春小麦光合要素与温度高低有关,在气温较高时段,温度与净光合速率、水分利用效率呈负相关,气温过高对净光合速率和水分利用效率有不利影响;温度与蒸腾速率呈正相关,反映出温度高叶片蒸腾大,不利于光合积累。空气湿度对净光合速率的影响随播期后推相关性有增大的趋势;空气湿度与气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、空气CO2浓度呈正相关,空气湿度大,有利胞间CO2浓度增加。有效辐射与光合要素呈弱的负相关,说明乌鞘岭地区光照充足,光合作用过程中温、湿度是影响较敏感要素。An experiment was conducted to measure photosynthetic elements of flag leaves and compare the characteristics of diurnal variation about photosynthetic physiology on various sowing dates of wheat named Longchun 8 in Wushaoling.The results show that the net photosynthetic rate and water utilization have increasing trends after pushing their sowing dates.In process of diurnal variation,the transpiration rate is less,water utilization is higher,and photosynthetic rate is stronger in morning than in afternoon,which turns a phenomenon of photosynthetic siesta.On different sowing dates,air temperature has relationships with photosynthetic elements of spring wheat.In higher air temperature time,air temperature is negatively correlated with net photosynthetic rate and water utilization,but it has unfavorable impact if air temperature is too high.Temperature is positively correlated with transpiration rate,reflecting that the higher temperature is,the larger transpiration rate of leaves is,which has disadvantage of photosynthetic accumulation.Air humidity has positive impact on net photosynthetic rate,and the correlativity between air humidity and net photosynthetic rate has an increasing trend with pushing sowing dates.Air humidity also has positive correlations with leaf stomata transmitting rates,intercellular CO2 concentration and CO2 concentration.High humidity would be advantageous to increase the intercellular CO2 concentration.The effective radiation is little negatively correlated with the photosynthetic elements,which shows that the area of Wushaoling has abundant sunlight supply,and the temperature and humidity are sensitive elements in the process of photosynthesis.

关 键 词：旱地小麦 分期播种 光合特性日变化 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学] Q945.79[生物学—植物学]