氮肥和密度对大穗型冬小麦冠层温度日变化的调控效应  

Regulation effect of nitrogen and planting density on canopy temperature diurnal change of heavy-ear winter wheat

作　　者：郝影宾[1] 周春菊[1] 王长发[2] 陈倩倩[1] 张天娇[1] 王林权[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第4期99-104,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30470333);西北农林科技大学博士启动基金(01140501);西北农林科技大学基金(08080277)

摘　　要：通过大田试验,研究了氮肥和种植密度对大穗型冬小麦灌浆结实期冠层温度日变化、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）、产量及构成因素的影响及相关性。结果表明,增施氮肥（120-360 kg/hm2）对小麦的冠层温度有调控效应,上午8∶00-10∶00可增加小麦的冠层温度,下午14∶00-18∶00却降低小麦的冠层温度;不同氮肥量比较,N240、N360变幅较N120大,差异达显著水平。增施氮肥可减缓小麦田冠层温度的变化,而本试验设置的播种密度对冠层温度影响不大。除中午12∶00外,灌浆结实各个时期的SPAD值、理论产量及其构成因素与其它观测时间点的冠层温度均呈显著或极显著的正相关或负相关,其中在16∶00均达极显著水平,该观测时间测定的冠层温度在评价小麦产量上具有较高的可靠性,可作为指导田间施氮肥的一个指标应用。A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen and planting density on canopy temperature（CT） and diurnal change of canopy temperature depression（CTD）,yield,yield component elements and SPAD of heavy-ear winter wheat in the grain-filling stage.The results show that nitrogen fertilization（120-360 kg/hm2） may change CT,it increases CT during 8∶00-10∶00 in the morning but decreases CT during 14∶00-18∶00 in the afternoon.Among different fertilization rate,N240-N360 changes CT more significantly than N120.The CT has a stable tendency with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application,but there are no significant differences among the planting densities in this field experiment.The theoretical yield,1000-grain weight,grain number per spike and spike number have positive or negative correlation with CT,and the correlation at 16∶00 is very significant.It is suggested that CT at 16∶00 can be used as a parameter to estimate yield and can be used as an indicator of N fertilizer application.

关 键 词：氮肥 种植密度 冠层温度 日变化 产量及构成因素 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]