秸秆覆盖对盐渍化土壤水盐动态的影响  

Effect of straw mulching on water-salt dynamic of saline soil

作　　者：孙博[1] 解建仓[1] 汪妮[1] 王天平[1] 李春娇[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安710048 [2]辽宁省国土资源厅信息中心,辽宁沈阳110032

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第4期180-184,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51079120);国家自然科学基金(50979088);陕西省教育厅2010年省级重点实验室项目(2010JS077);国家863计划项目(2006AA01A126);陕西省国际合作重点项目(2008KW-32)

摘　　要：研究了不同秸秆覆盖量下盐渍化土壤蒸发量、不同生育期各土层的含水率及含盐量的动态变化规律。结果表明：秸秆覆盖后,盐渍化土壤蒸发量比对照低,随着秸秆覆盖量的增加,蒸发量逐渐减少,当秸秆覆盖量为0.75 kg/m2（C2）时,日蒸发量减少幅度平缓,趋于稳定。与对照相比,秸秆覆盖量为1.05 kg/m2（C1）,0.75 kg/m2（C2）,0.45 kg/m2（C3）,0.15 kg/m2（C4）时的蒸发抑制率依次为80.54%、79.01%、62.45%、37.93%。随着秸秆覆盖量增加,不同生育期,各土层含水率逐渐增加,当秸秆覆盖量达到0.75 kg/m2（C2）时,各土层含水率达到最佳状态。根据整个生育期的监测结果,不同秸秆覆盖量处理具有明显抑制盐分表聚的作用,当秸秆覆盖量达到0.75 kg/m2（C2）时,各土层含盐量降低效果最佳,其中抑制作用最强的是0-10 cm土层,含盐量降低趋势最大。因此,采用秸秆覆盖地表改良盐渍化土壤,减少了土壤水分蒸发损失,提高了水分利用效率,抑制了盐渍化土壤可溶性盐分的表聚作用,有效地提高了耕地面积的利用。The variable law of saline soil evaporation,water content and salt content was studied in the straw mulching condition.The results showed： after straw mulching,the saline soil evaporation is lower than control experiment,with increasing of straw mulching content,soil evaporation is decreased,when straw mulching content is 0.75 kg/m2,the decrease range of day evaporation is changed mildly.Compared with the control experiment,when the straw mulching content is 1.05 kg/m2（C4）,0.75 kg/m2（C3）,0.45 kg/m2（C2）,0.15 kg/m2（C1）,inhibition rate of soil evaporation is 80.54%、79.01%、62.45%、37.93%,respectively.With increasing of straw mulching content,water content of different soil layers is increased in the different growth stages,when straw mulching content is 0.75 kg/m2,water content of different soil layers is best.Based on the monitoring results of the whole growth period,treatment of different straw mulching content can inhibite salt accumulation,when straw mulching content is 0.75 kg/m2,decreasing effect of salt content of different soil layers is best.Salt content inhibition of 0-10 cm soil layer is strongest,decreasing trend of salt content is maximum.Therefore,straw mulching soil surface is improved saline soil,reduced soil water evaporation loss,improved water use efficiency,inhibited surface accumulation of the salt,improved the utilization of arable land.

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖 土壤蒸发 土壤含水量 土壤含盐量 蒸发抑制率 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]