黄土区保护性耕作对春玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of different conservation tillage measures on spring maize yield and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：王缠军[1] 郝明德[2,3] 折凤霞[3] 鲍艳杰[4] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第4期193-198,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目"耕地保育与持续高效现代农业试点工程(KSCX-YW-09-02;KSCX-YW-09-07);国家重点基础研究发展计划"主要粮食作物高产栽培与资源高效利用的基础研究"(2009CB118604);国家科技支撑计划重大项目"农田水土保持关键技术研究与示范农田水土保持工程与耕作关键技术研究(2011BAD31B01)

摘　　要：在黄土区春玉米地实施免耕和传统耕作的基础上,研究了秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖、秸秆地膜双覆盖以及不覆盖下春玉米产量和土壤肥力的变化。结果表明:传统耕作下不覆盖的产量为6 212.75 kg/hm2,秸秆覆盖比不覆盖增产45.67%,地膜覆盖增产47.24%,秸秆地膜双覆盖增产幅度可达73.24%;免耕下秸秆覆盖比不覆盖仅增产了3.07%,地膜覆盖产量增加了28.91%,秸秆地膜双覆盖增产38.74%。不覆盖时免耕较传统耕作增产19.69%,秸秆覆盖下免耕的产量比传统耕作减少了15.31%。在同一耕作方式下水分利用效率表现为秸秆地膜双覆盖>地膜覆盖>秸秆覆盖>不覆盖,相同覆盖时免耕水分利用效率比传统耕作平均降低了11.56%。秸秆覆盖土壤有机质含量较不覆盖平均增加了0.62 g/kg,地膜覆盖则降低了0.30 g/kg。地膜覆盖速效磷含量最低,较不覆盖平均下降了2.93 mg/kg。免耕时土壤速效钾含量较传统耕作增加了9.54 mg/kg,而全磷含量与传统耕作的差异最小。This research is based on the implement of tillage and no-tillage farming with straw mulching,plastic film mulching,straw and plastic film mulching or without mulching to study the changes of spring maize yield and soil fertility.The result shows： On the basis of tillage without mulching spring maize yield is 6 212.75 kg/hm2,straw mulching increases yield by 45.67% compared with no mulching,plastic film mulching increases yield by 47.24%,straw and plastic film mulching increases yield by 73.24%;On the basis of no-tillage with straw mulching the yield increases only by 3.07% compared with no mulching,and plastic film mulching increases yield by 28.91%,while straw and plastic film mulching increases yield by 38.74%.Compared with tillage farming,no-tillage farming increases yield by 19.69% in no mulching condition,but it decreases yield by 15.31% in straw mulching condition.Under the same farming method,water use efficiency trend is straw and plastic film mulchingplastic film mulchingstraw mulchingno mulching,water use efficiency of no-tillage farming reduces at an average of 11.56% compared with tillage farming.Soil organic matter content under straw mulching rises by 0.62 g/kg compared with no mulching while that under plastic film mulching drops by 0.30 g/kg.The content of available P under plastic film mulching is the lowest,it declines at an average of 2.93 mg/kg compared with no mulching.The content of available K of no-tillage farming increased 9.54 mg/kg compared with tillage farming,but there is no significant changes of total P.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 春玉米 水分利用效率 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学] S513.048[农业科学—农业基础科学]