不同氮肥运筹对玉米产量、效益及土壤硝态氮含量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Regulation on Maize Yield,Economic Benefit and the Content of Soil Nitrate-N

作　　者：徐钰[1] 江丽华[1] 林海涛[1] 谭德水[1] 郑福丽[1] 高新昊[1] 刘兆辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2011年第5期1196-1199,共4页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：农业公益性行业科研专项经费项目"环渤海区域农业碳氮平衡定量评价及调控技术研究"(200803036)资助

摘　　要：为了提高氮肥的增产效益,减少氮肥对环境的污染,在山东省桓台县小麦-玉米轮作区,研究了不同氮肥运筹对玉米产量、氮肥利用率、土壤硝态氮累积量、经济效益的影响。结果表明,与农民习惯（FP）相比,优化氮肥（OPT）、两种控释氮肥（CRF1和CRF2）措施通过改善产量构成要素均可使夏玉米的经济产量得到提高,并提高了氮肥利用率和农学效率,显著减少0~120 cm土体中硝态氮的残留,从而降低对地下水的硝酸盐污染。经济效益分析表明,OPT及CRF2两种措施,分别比农民习惯施肥增收1475.42元hm-2和1102.28元hm-2。综合经济效益与生态效益,施氮量减少30%的优化施肥和施氮量减少53%的控释氮肥措施均比农民习惯施肥更合理,是值得推荐的氮肥运筹方式。In order to increase the crop production and reduce the environment pollution by N fertilizer,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen regulation on maize yield,nitrogen utilization,accumulation of NO3——N in soil and economic benefit.The results showed that optimized fertilization（OPT） and controlled-released fertilizer（CRF1and CRF2） could increase maize yield through improving the yield components,compared with farmer practice（FP）.Furthermore,the application of the three measures mentioned above could enhance the utilization efficiency and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,significantly reduce the remains of NO3——N in 0-120 cm soil layer.The economic efficiency analysis indicated that the two measures of OPT and CRF2 could increase income by 1475.42 and 1102.28 Yuan hm-2 respectively,compared with FP.Taking economic benefit and ecological benefit into account,the optimized fertilization which reduced by 30% amount of nitrogen fertilizer and controlled-released fertilizer which reduced by 53% amount of nitrogen fertilizer could be more reasonable than farmer practice,and worth to be recommended.

关 键 词：氮肥 玉米 氮肥利用 土壤硝态氮 产量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]