“玉金香”甜瓜采后真菌病原物鉴定及侵染规律的研究  

Study on Latent Infection Pattern and Identification of Postharvest Fungal Diseases on 'Yujinxiang' Melon Fruit

作　　者：马文平[1] 倪志婧[1] 任贤[1] 任玉锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《北方园艺》2011年第17期36-40,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金资助项目(NZ0840);宁夏教育厅重点项目基金资助项目(2008JY001)

摘　　要：以宁夏中部干旱带甜瓜"玉金香"甜瓜花期和不同生长阶段果实为试材,对采后病害进行系统调查和典型病害的病原菌的分离,纯化和初步鉴定,从生物学特性和形态学鉴定上探讨病原菌在甜瓜生长阶段的侵染规律。结果表明:宁夏中部干旱带甜瓜采后极易发生真菌病害,主要是黑斑病、粉霉病、白霉病和褐腐病。主要病原菌是链格孢菌属(Alternariasp.)、粉红聚端孢霉(Trichothecium sp.)、镰刀菌属(Fusariumsp.)、拟青霉菌(Paecilomyces sp.)。其中,甜瓜常温贮藏主要病害是粉霉病和黑斑病,低温贮藏的主要病害是黑斑病。"玉金香"甜瓜在从开花至成熟的生长发育过程中,均可受到链格孢和镰刀菌的侵染,粉红单端孢霉的侵染主要发生在甜瓜果实成熟期;链格孢的侵染率最高;链格孢和镰刀菌的侵染主要发生在花期和果实转色期。＇Yujinxiang＇melon fruits during flowering phase and different grow stage were used as test material,the main diseases on ＇Yujinxiang＇ melon were surveyed and the pathogens were identified in semi arid climate area of the Ningxia,discussed infection law of the pathogen of the biological characteristics and morphology identificationof bacteria in the growth stage.The results showed that there were four main postharvest melon fungus diseases pathogens were Alternaria sp.,Trichothecium sp.,Fusarium sp.and Paecilomyces sp.Among them,Alternaria sp.and Trichothecium sp.at room temperature,Alternaria sp.was also pathogens at cold temperature.Fruit could be infected by Alternaria sp.and Fusarium sp.during development.Trichothecium roseum infected the melon during the colour-change stage.Development of flower and colour-change stage were the main time of infecting by Alternaria sp.and Fusarium sp.

关 键 词：“玉金香”甜瓜 病害 链格孢 镰刀菌 拟青霉属 侵染规律 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学] S432.44[农业科学—园艺学]