布尼亚病毒及其引发的疾病  

Bunyaviridae and Its Diseases

作　　者：邵惠训[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京实验动物研究中心,北京100012

出　　处：《实验动物科学》2011年第4期52-56,共5页Laboratory Animal Science

摘　　要：布尼亚病毒感染是一种自然疫源性疾病和人兽共患病。该病毒在野生动物、家畜与节肢动物之间循环,人类只是偶然的宿主,偶然受到带病毒节肢动物的攻击而发病。这类疾病主要通过虫媒(蚊、蜱、白蛉和蠓等)叮咬而传播,是虫媒病毒群中最大的一组族群。这一属病毒在1975年首次提出,包括一群在形态学和形态发生学上类似,在血清学、免疫学上有交叉反应的病毒。从乌干达西部布尼亚韦拉分离到布尼亚韦拉病毒,故而得名。这类病毒引发人类疾病严重程度差异很大。轻的只是亚临床型感染,没有明显临床症状。重症病人,病毒侵袭肝肾组织、神经系统和血液系统,引起全身广泛出血,多脏器衰竭而死亡,病死率很高。用广谱抗病毒药(病毒唑和干扰素)治疗,有一定效果。病毒培养需要在P4实验室进行。多数病毒能凝集鹅和1日龄鸡的红细胞。The bunyaviridae family comprises more than 300 viruses.Membership is usually based on antigenic interrelatedness or morphological similarity.Disease characterized by fever,headache,weakness,myalgia,pulmonary edema.The family is divided into 5 genera： 1.Orthobunyavirus： Bunyamwera,La Cross,Tahyna virus,transmitted mainly by mosquitoes.2.Hantavirus： Hantaan virus,transmission does not require insects.3.Nairovirus： Dugbe virus infection of cattle in West Africa,transmitted by ticks.4.Phlebovirus：Sandfly fever,Rift valley fever,transmitted by sandflies.5.Tospovirus： Tomato spotted wilt virus,only infect plant and non-vertebrate.Man is not known to be a natural or reservoir for any of these viruses.Virions are 80~120 nm in diameter,5~10 nm projections visible on the surface.Genome consists of 3 pieces of negative stranded RNA.Virion has 2 surface glycoproteins G1 and G2,with HA and virus neutralization epitopes.Bunyaviridae is a family of negative stranded RNA viruses.Though generally found in arthropode or rodents,certain viruses in this family occasionally infect humans.Bunyaviridae are vector-borne viruses.With the exception of Hantaviruses transmission occurs via an arthropod vector.Hantaviruses are transmitted through contact with mice feces.Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality,consequently handling of these viruses most occurs with a biosafe level 4 laboratory.Hantavirus or Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever,common in China,Korea,Scandinavia,Russia,and the American southwest,is associated with high fever,lung edema and pulmonary failture.Mortality is around 55% of laboratory diagnosis of bunya virus infections.Virus isolation-intra-cranial inoculation of suckling mice is thought to be the most sensitive system available for virus isolation.However sensitive cell culture systems are available such as Vero,Vero E6,A549 and mosquito cells.Once isolated the virus can be types by neutralizing tests.Rapid diagnosis-antigen detection systems and the dete

关 键 词：布尼亚病毒 自然疫源性疾病 贮存宿主 节肢动物 蜱 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]