水声传感网MAC协议综述  

Survey of the MAC Protocols on Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network

作　　者：周密[1,2] 崔勇[1] 徐兴福[1] 杨旭宁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学计算机科学与技术系,北京100084 [2]西南电子电信技术研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《计算机科学》2011年第9期5-10,17,共7页Computer Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(60911130511;60873252);"九七三"国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB307105;2009CB320503)资助

摘　　要：海洋在人类发展中扮演着越来越重要的角色。水下通信技术作为人类认识海洋的重要手段,成为研究界的热点与难点。由于水下通信技术有不同于陆地无线通信的信道特点和性能要求,传统无线通信MAC(medium accesscontrol)协议难以直接应用于水声通信,因此相继提出针对各种应用场景的水声MAC协议。在简述水声传感网(Un-derwater Acoustic Sensor Network,UWASN)特点和MAC协议设计准则后,根据信道获取方式将当前典型协议分为基于竞争和基于调度两大类。根据冲突处置方式进一步将基于竞争的协议分为随机多址和冲突避免,根据信道分配的动态性将基于调度的协议分为动态分配和静态分配。在此分类基础上,描述了近期出现的典型协议的设计思想、主要机制,并比较了协议在能耗、信道利用、吞吐量等方面的差异,最后指出提高MAC协议性能的发展方向。Nowadays the ocean plays an increasingly important role in the development of human society.As a basilic means to learn about the sea,underwater communication technology becomes a popular nodus in research.Different from the terrestrial wireless communication in channel characteristics and performance requirements,conventional wireless communication MAC（medium access control） does not apply to it.MAC protocols for various underwater acoustic applications were continuously proposed.After outlining the characteristics of underwater acoustic sensor network and the designing standards of MAC,current control mode was divided into contention-based protocol and scheduling-based protocol according to the pattern by which the channel was accessed.The contention-based protocols were further divi-ded into random access and collision avoidance according to their modes of dealing with collision,while scheduling-based ones into dynamic allocation and static allocation according to dynamics of channel allocation.Under this classification,the design idea and primary mechanism of current main protocols were described,their performance differences were discussed such as energy efficiency,channel utilization and throughput,and a new development direction was presented for the improvement of the MAC protocols.

关 键 词：水声传感网 基于调度的MAC协议 基于竞争的MAC协议 传输延时 冲突避免 节能性 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]