小麦免耕播种机性能指标的关联度分析与灰色聚类评估  

Correlation degree analysis and gray clustering evaluation on performance indices of wheat no-tillage planter

作　　者：赵丽琴[1] 郭玉明[2] 张培增[3] 韩占省[3] 

机构地区：[1]中北大学机械工程与自动化学院机械工程系,太原030051 [2]山西农业大学工程技术学院,太谷030801 [3]山西省农机发展中心,太原030002

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2011年第9期54-57,共4页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中北大学校青年基金(08020108);山西省农机局保护性耕作推广项目

摘　　要：免耕播种是保护性耕作技术最重要的作业环节之一。为了在华北旱作区推广保护性耕作技术,选择适宜免耕播种机作业的地表覆盖状况,对当地目前使用的2BMF-9型小麦免耕播种机在8种地表试验处理下进行田间播种试验,得出8种不同地表试验处理下各项性能指标、出苗率和冬前分蘖数。通过灰色关联度分析得出:小麦免耕播种机的播种均匀程度、覆土性能、机具通过性对出苗率和冬前分蘖数影响很大。运用灰色聚类的原理,对被评估的8种试验处理进行类型划分,结果表明:秸秆覆盖量为3 000～3 750 kg/hm2、留茬高度25 cm以下的地块可直接播种,若适当进行粉碎处理,则播种质量更好;秸秆覆盖量为4 500 kg/hm2左右的地块必须进行粉碎处理;秸秆覆盖量大于5 250 kg/hm2的地块,除进行粉碎处理外,还应在播种前进行地表处理(如浅旋、浅耙、浅耕),降低秸秆覆盖率。研究为该地区小麦免耕播种地表处理提供了理论依据。No-tillage planting is one of the most important assignments of the conservation tillage technology. In order to select suitable soil-surface conditions for implementing the conservation tillage technology in north China, the planting experiment on field using the 2BMF-9 wheat no-tillage planter were carried out on eight kinds of surface treatments, then various performance indices, emergence of seeding rate and tiller number were obtained on each surface treatment. The grey correlation analysis showed that the seeding uniformity, covering soil ability and passing ability had greatly influenced on the emergence of seeding rate and tiller number. Eight kinds of surface treatments were categorized with the principle of gray clustering evaluation, the results indicated that the no-tillage planter could directly sow on the plots that straw mulching quantity were between 3 000 and 3 750 kg/hm2, and stubble height below 25 cm, if stubble were smashed, sowing quality would be better. The plot, that straw mulching quantity were around 4 500 kg/hm2, must be smashed. To reduce the straw coverage, the plot, that straw mulching quantity was more than 5 250 kg/ hm2, should be smashed （such as shallow spining, shallow harrowing and shallow plowing） before planting on surface.

关 键 词：农业机械 相关法 聚类分析 小麦免耕播种机 性能评价指标 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]