两种肿腿蜂对锈色粒肩天牛虫粪及其寄主植物气味的学习行为  

Learning behavior of two species of Sclerodermus(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae)to the odor of the rass of Apriona swainsoni(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)and the phloem of host tree, Sophora japonica(Leguminosae)

作　　者：王晓红[1,2] 杨忠岐[1] 唐艳龙[1] 张彦龙[1] 王小艺[1] 王晓军[3] 刘艳霞[3] 李聚颜[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091 [2]河北联合大学,河北唐山063009 [3]河南省濮阳市园林绿化处,河南濮阳457000

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2011年第3期357-363,301,共8页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家"十一.五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD08A12);国家自然科学基金(30972377);科技部公益研究项目(2004DIB4J166)

摘　　要：经研究,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao与哈氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermus harmandi (Buysson)均可寄生锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swainsoni(Hope)的低龄幼虫,可用于该害虫的生物防治。为了探讨其学习行为,采用Y-型嗅觉仪、培养皿两种方法,测定了锈色粒肩天牛虫粪及其寄主植物——国槐韧皮部的气味刺激对交配后的白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂和哈氏肿腿蜂的雌蜂嗅觉记忆的影响。结果表明,这两种肿腿蜂在羽化后经过对上述两种气味源48h接触后,有学习经历的雌蜂对两种气味源的选择性比没有学习经历的雌蜂对气味源的选择性相比显著提高。在对气味源的搜寻判断上,有学习经历的雌蜂所用时间显著少于没有学习经历的雌蜂。培养皿试验表明,有学习经历的雌蜂对锈色粒肩天牛虫粪及国槐树枝韧皮部水提物或正丁烷提取物的趋向率要高于没有学习经历的雌蜂,但二者差异不显著。两种寄生蜂的嗅觉记忆具有一定的稳定性和持久性,当其脱离学习环境一定时间后,对气味源仍有较强的趋向性。Sclerodermus pupariae and S. harmandi are important parasitoids on young larvae of Apriona swainsoni. For study the learning behavior of the two parasitoid female adults, the techniques of Y - type olfactometer and petri dishes were used to determine the effects of the olfactory memory with larval frass of the longhorned beetle and the phloem of its host tree, Sophora japonica. It was found that the mated females of the parasitoids having significantly tendencies to the frass of A. swainsoni and the phloem of the host tree af- ter learning for 48 h. The female parasitoids with experience responded positively to the two odor sources when they were offered with a two -ways choice between blank and the odor source. The searching time to host of the parasitoid females with experience during their parasitism periord were significantly less than that of the females without learning before. In petri dish technique study it was also indicated that the female parasitoids with experience much prefer the frass of A. swainsoni and the phloem extracts both of water and n - butane, compared with no experience females. The olfactory memory of the female parasitoids to the odor sources represented persistence, they still had high selectivity to them when they left the microhabitat for a certain time.

关 键 词：锈色粒肩天牛 白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂 哈氏肿腿蜂 学习行为 嗅觉记忆 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]